Kristian Williams - Our Enemies in Blue - Police and Power in America

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acknowledgmentsBOOKS DO Nar WRITE THEMSELVES; AND I DOUBT THAT MANY AUTHORSmanage without an enormous amount of help.I know I have benefited from the advice, encouragement, and direct practicalassistance of a great many people-nearly all of my friends, a large numberof acquaintances, and not a few actual strangers. Thank you all, very much.Particular thanks are due to Jocelyn Burrell and South End Press; RobertA Weppner, my attorney; and the National Writers Union (UAW local 1981)for their assistance clearing the way for this second edition.Thanks, again, to Daniel Ruck, Carl Caputo, Jamie Dawson, Laura Grant,Missy Rohs, Clayton Szczech, Robert Williams, and Shira Zucker-all of whomread and corrected earlier drafts.And as always, lowe special thanks to Emily-Jane Dawson. I was fortunateto receive her advice in the course of my research, her help in locatingobscure sources, her criticism concerning early drafts of the manuscript, andher technical assistance in the production of the graphics in this volume. Butabove all else, I am grateful for her friendship.ix
Page 5 and 6: WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION BY•J O YJ
Page 7: (e) 2007 by Kristian WilliamsIntrod
Page 12 and 13: introductionBY JOY JAMESSO, IT IS S
Page 14: Author's Preface, 2007IT IS ALWAYS
Page 19 and 20: QoFriendly Neighborhood Police Stat
Page 21 and 22: duty. At times, they use the ultima
Page 23 and 24: In the five years preceding the Rod
Page 25 and 26: owned property were matched with at
Page 27 and 28: capture variegated requests for ass
Page 29 and 30: WH Y WE KNOW SO LITTLE ABOUT POLICE
Page 31 and 32: 14a sample almost fifteen times as
Page 33 and 34: EXPLAINING AWAY THE ABUSEIn Up root
Page 35 and 36: So we'd had to use force to make hi
Page 37 and 38: and in particular cases, where bloo
Page 39 and 40: On the other hand, when police cult
Page 41 and 42: the institutional features already
Page 44 and 45: 2THE ORIGINS OF AM ERI CAN POLICING
Page 46 and 47: (2) citywide jurisdiction and centr
Page 48 and 49: Still, the system was rather limite
Page 50 and 51: proposed a plan for a citywide poli
Page 52 and 53: sounding an alarm when crimes were
Page 54 and 55: slave gatherings, search slave quar
Page 56 and 57: [Olnly the state (through the agenc
Page 58 and 59: Masters sometimes complained about
Page 60 and 61:
slave, the idleness, disorder and c
Page 62 and 63:
confronted with the conditions of a
Page 64 and 65:
instituted a "Code Noir" in 1685, w
Page 66 and 67:
while in theory each police force w
Page 68 and 69:
some of the authority he needed to
Page 70:
Wood refused to acknowledge the leg
Page 73 and 74:
often in the streets as at the poll
Page 75 and 76:
Francis Tukey, who took office in 1
Page 77 and 78:
MACHINE POLITICS, STAT E POWER, AND
Page 79 and 80:
In one way or another, every Europe
Page 81 and 82:
To this great end every effort of t
Page 83 and 84:
These three factors of social chang
Page 85 and 86:
term was not used much in the South
Page 87 and 88:
70ling of poor people, their habits
Page 89 and 90:
was not created in response to esca
Page 91 and 92:
tation practically guarantees other
Page 93 and 94:
In other words, the much-decried in
Page 95 and 96:
RECONSTRUCTION AN D REDEMPTION: WHO
Page 97 and 98:
he could ideniliY his attackers, he
Page 99 and 100:
PROFILES AN D PREJUDICEOne critic o
Page 101 and 102:
of one occupation, for some reason,
Page 103 and 104:
ticketed, Black people are 50 perce
Page 105 and 106:
likely to be in prison OIl any one
Page 107 and 108:
control, but also lirllits the mobi
Page 109 and 110:
members.')(' Fortner mayor George D
Page 111 and 112:
Reverend Fred ShuttleworUl had to b
Page 113 and 114:
Rowe provided the FBI with a great
Page 115 and 116:
of the numerous threats Uley receiv
Page 117 and 118:
100transforming itself, redefining
Page 119 and 120:
Black burglary suspect ten years be
Page 121 and 122:
Uattractive recruits for just these
Page 123 and 124:
each direction, as slave patrols we
Page 125 and 126:
the streets" is another elastic cha
Page 127 and 128:
110private employ (or police leased
Page 129 and 130:
police attacks on picket lines, and
Page 131 and 132:
usiness interests represented by th
Page 133 and 134:
hundreds were hospitalized, and tho
Page 135 and 136:
weeks later, on Saturday, September
Page 138 and 139:
6POLICE AUTONOMY AND BLUE POWERTHE
Page 140 and 141:
This strategy worked to neutralize
Page 142 and 143:
government, and local elites very q
Page 144 and 145:
The efforts to improve personnel al
Page 146 and 147:
push working-class immigrants out o
Page 148 and 149:
the police had remained ineffective
Page 150 and 151:
the urban poor and people of color.
Page 152 and 153:
its text read: 'The Civilian Review
Page 154 and 155:
nity. But the dilemma here is illus
Page 156 and 157:
class lines-that is, they organize
Page 158 and 159:
labor relations, but a common featu
Page 160 and 161:
less blissful social arrangements:
Page 162 and 163:
dence between state and social acto
Page 164 and 165:
Under these conditions, though it m
Page 166 and 167:
7SECRET POLICE, RED SQUADS,AND THE
Page 168 and 169:
There is no evidence ... that I or
Page 170 and 171:
The first is intelligence collectio
Page 172 and 173:
departments and their activities be
Page 174 and 175:
ing were political activists, membe
Page 176 and 177:
esult of police attacks. 55 It woul
Page 178 and 179:
Too many people have been spied upo
Page 180 and 181:
the 1960s in most large American ci
Page 182 and 183:
tion spelled doom for the red squad
Page 184 and 185:
By discontinuing use of the term "C
Page 186 and 187:
evealed an extensive pattern of pol
Page 188 and 189:
''A NEW DAY IN SECRET GOVERNMENT "I
Page 190 and 191:
interim regulation, detainees who h
Page 192 and 193:
word of a dirty cop and every reaso
Page 194 and 195:
8RIOT POLICE OR POLICE RIOTS?DESPIT
Page 196 and 197:
ubber bullets, and "beanbag guns,"
Page 198 and 199:
Reading, when troops killed eleven
Page 200 and 201:
Troops on riot duty should keep in
Page 202 and 203:
in Mississippi. In February 1968, t
Page 204 and 205:
ANATOMY OF A POLICE RIOTTelevised f
Page 206 and 207:
validated; Mayor Daley continued to
Page 208 and 209:
let crowds dwindle on their own. Po
Page 210 and 211:
to play the game by its usual rules
Page 212 and 213:
act in minor or symbolic ways to ke
Page 214 and 215:
9YOUR FRIENDLY NEIGHBORHOOD POLICE
Page 216 and 217:
Police planning also quickly turned
Page 218 and 219:
''waste'' their capabilities. To ju
Page 220 and 221:
in property based on searches condu
Page 222 and 223:
ity groups, and establishing partne
Page 224 and 225:
can run the gamut from watching nei
Page 226 and 227:
them to increase their power, they
Page 228 and 229:
class-always targeting the poor, fo
Page 230 and 231:
used foot patrols, bike patrols, ho
Page 232 and 233:
cuffing them like criminals. Boston
Page 234 and 235:
dog,) 38 will behave properly even
Page 236 and 237:
a great deal of organizational flex
Page 238 and 239:
equipment to go into a neighborhood
Page 240 and 241:
afterwordMAKING POLICE OBSOLETEIT I
Page 242 and 243:
and with a minimum of bullying. Wha
Page 244 and 245:
power, or direct attempts to replac
Page 246 and 247:
stand together and defend themselve
Page 248 and 249:
apartheid era, vigilantism is more
Page 250 and 251:
with violence?O Since 1999, the CR]
Page 252 and 253:
The Blue Book suggests these indica
Page 254 and 255:
notesForeword: Police and Power in
Page 256 and 257:
1984J Bllsic Human Rights Instrumen
Page 258 and 259:
79 This parallel was brought to my
Page 260 and 261:
125 Lundman llses the term "organiz
Page 262 and 263:
contemporary public, government-con
Page 264 and 265:
slave system remained a greater pri
Page 266 and 267:
150 Quoted in Bacon, "Early Develop
Page 268 and 269:
of course, account for the name 'ma
Page 270 and 271:
ston, 1980), 29.71 Lundman , Police
Page 272 and 273:
James Baldwin, "A Report from Occup
Page 274 and 275:
in determining action in any single
Page 276 and 277:
I am a White person. That I should
Page 278 and 279:
136 Mary Frances Berry notes: "The
Page 280 and 281:
Times, June 9, 1985.191 Some resear
Page 282 and 283:
40 Yellen, Labor Struggles, 179. On
Page 284 and 285:
Having accepted the NLRB as a legal
Page 286 and 287:
ended when each striker was fined $
Page 288 and 289:
71 Both quoted in Hays, "Politics o
Page 290 and 291:
Black police associations demonstra
Page 292 and 293:
expanded in the pages that follow.
Page 294 and 295:
7 Henry David, The History of the H
Page 296 and 297:
82 Donner, Protectors 0/ Privilege,
Page 298 and 299:
chive.aclu.org/congress/110101a.htm
Page 300 and 301:
175 Kitson, Low Intensity Operation
Page 302 and 303:
53 Stark, Police Riots, 6.54 Quoted
Page 304 and 305:
109 In the Progressive Era, "The im
Page 306 and 307:
soldiers ride in you should see tho
Page 308 and 309:
68 Cordner, "Elements of Community
Page 310 and 311:
people is ordinarily so high as to
Page 312 and 313:
140 Quoted in Bratton, Turnaround,
Page 314 and 315:
1992),85; and Randall G. Sheldon et
Page 316 and 317:
46 Lee and Seekings, "Vigilantism a
Page 318:
81 Auld et aI., "Our Practice," 3.4
Page 321 and 322:
to include the voices of those who
Page 323 and 324:
Gooding-Williams. New Yo rk: Routle
Page 325 and 326:
Wade, Richard C. Slavery in the Cit
Page 327 and 328:
THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND BLACK POWER MO
Page 329 and 330:
Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopol
Page 331 and 332:
November 1999 WTO meeting in Seattl
Page 333 and 334:
This classic text of radical crimin
Page 335 and 336:
See note under "Chapter 4: Cops and
Page 338 and 339:
indexAbel, Richard, 298n.38, 300n.7
Page 340 and 341:
Blue Flu. See police unions, police
Page 342 and 343:
261n.136, 261n.158, 272n.125, Commu
Page 344 and 345:
Department of Justice. See UnitedSt
Page 346 and 347:
Giuliani, Rudolph, 21, 136, 147, 21
Page 348 and 349:
John Birch Society, 135, 162, 165,
Page 350 and 351:
McNamara, Edmund L., 288n.5 Mississ
Page 352 and 353:
North Carolina State University, 85
Page 354 and 355:
-police political activity. See pol
Page 356 and 357:
after Rodney King's beating (1992),
Page 358 and 359:
298n.38, 298n.45, 299n.51,299n.52,
Page 360 and 361:
United States Drug Enforcement Vill
Page 362 and 363:
about the authorKRISTIAN WILliAMS I
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