Kristian Williams - Our Enemies in Blue - Police and Power in America

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298n.38, 298n.45, 299n.51,299n.52, 300n.77South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 109South Boston Vigilance Committee, 122South Carolina, 37-38, 39, 40, 43, 45,72, 117, 247n.78, 264n.29, 266n.86.See also individual citiesSouth Carolina Highway Patrol, 116South Carolina State College, 185South Central (Los Angeles, California),88, 209Southern Christian Leadership Conference,93, 162Soviet Union, 167Special Forces. See United States SpecialForcesSpecial Investigations Bureau. See redsquadsSpecial Response Team. See policeparamilitary unitsSpecial Service Unit. See police paramilitaryunitsSpecial Weapons And Tactics (SWAT) .See police paramilitary unitsSperry, Howard S., 114, 115Spicer, Charles, 88Spies, August, 149, 150, 151Spoon, P. W, 262n.190squeegee workers, 214, 293n.115Squirrel, Douglas, 168-169Stamper, Norm, 178Stark, Rodney, 14, 19, 187, 188, 189,224, 239n.57, 272n.ll0, 285n.69State Department. See United StatesDepartment of StateState University of New York, Buffalo, 185Staten Island (New York, York), 220Statute of Winchester (1285), 31Steinberg, Allen, 259n.90Stenvig, Charles, 134Sterling Heights, Michigan, 117-1 18,266n.90Stewart, Potter, 10Stockton, Richard, 182Strategic Air Command Headquarters,199street committees. See South Africaand popular justiceStreet Crimes Unit, 86-87, 257n.65strikes: Akron Rubber Strike (1936) ,263n.2; Bridgeport, Connecticut(1955), 273n.140; Chicago SocialWorkers Strike (1967), 141; CrippleCreek, Colorado (1894), 250n.207;Detroit Newspaper Strike (1995-2001), 117-118, 266n.90, 266n.95;eight-hour movement, 149-152;Great Anthracite Strike (1902),108, 264n.21; Great Railroad Strike(1877), 180-181, 283n.17; Justice forJanitors, Los Angeles (1990) , 117;Justice for Janitors, Sacramento(1999), 266n.89; Lawrence TextileStrike (1912), 112-113, 115; LudlowMassacre (1914), 182, 284n.37; NewOrleans Levee Workers' Strike(1885), 105, 263n.3; Saltley CokeStrike (1972), 286n.108; San FranciscoGeneral Strike (1934), 113-116,116, 118, 265n.55, 265n.59, 265n.63,265n.81, 267n.102; Seattle GeneralStrike (1919), 227, 229; Steel Strike(1919), 264n.35, 264n.36. See alsoBoston Police Strike (1919) ; DetroitPolice Strike (1967); HaymarketAffair; police unions, police politicalactivity, and Blue Power; unions andlabor movementsStudent Nonviolence CoordinatingCommittee (SNCC), 96, 158,261n.158Students for a Democratic Society(SDS), 185Suhr, Greg, 274n.156Sunnyville, California, 168Supreme Court. See United StatesSupreme Court; individual statesSWAT. See police paramilitary unitsSweetser, E. LeRoy, 112, 113Symbionese Liberation Army (ST A), 199Szczech, Clayton. 275n.175, 276n. 179341
:>< Ta mmany Hall, 51, 52, 55, 250n.197. Ungvary, John, 164;...lQ See also Democratic Party; political Uniform Crime Reports, 12Z-'machines unions and labor movements, 105,Ta mpa, Florida, 5, 7 107-112, 112-113, 113-1 16, 116-118,Tasistro, Louis, 42 118-119, 121, 123-137, 139, 150, 151,Task Force on Government Oversight 153, 154, 157, 176-177, 193, 215, 227,(California), 83team policing, 203229, 263n.7, 265, 269n.51, 269n.55,273n.140, 272n.109; black lists,Teamsters Union, 115, 123-124, 138 131, 154; Charleston Five (2000) ,Te mple University, 85Te n Point Program (Black Pan-Haymarket Affair; Industrial WorktherParty for Self Defense), 100,134-135, 304n.85, 304n.86. See alsoers of the World; police unions,261n.159 police political activity, and BlueTe nderloin (New York, New York), 58Te nnessee, 39, 194. See also indivi-Power; strikes; World Trade Organi-zation Protestsdual cities United Auto Workers (UAW), 166Texas. See individual citiesUnited Farm Workers of AmericaTexas Rangers, 264n.29 (UFW), 157, 162third-party policing, 207-208Thomas, Timothy, 3, 9, 241n.85Thompson, Joseph, 102Thugs, The, 79 ment, 238n.46United Nations Convention AgainstTo rture and Other Cruel, Inhumanor Degrading Treatment or Punish-Tilly, Charles, 77-78, 145 United Racist Front, 102, 103Tims, J. T., 81 United States Air Force, 168TIPS. See Operation TIPSToledo, Ohio, 85 School, 195To mpkins Square Riot (1874, NewYork, New Yo,k) , 1
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WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION BY•J O YJ
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(e) 2007 by Kristian WilliamsIntrod
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acknowledgmentsBOOKS DO Nar WRITE T
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ZSugE-
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forewordPOLICE AND POWER IN AMERICA
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1POLICE BRUTALITY IN THEORY AND PRA
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copter. Of these, ten Los Angeles P
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way of understanding the lives led
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vidual officer, perhaps it leads us
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given incident, while excessive use
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The difficulties in measuring exces
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up, a very large number of citizens
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(5) Unintentionality."[0 lffi cers
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Between 1995 and 2000, 360 cops wer
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emember that the available statisti
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even be supported by the lieutenant
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standing of those with power-those
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specialized function, and professio
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TIlere is a further advantage to th
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and frequently drunk.In 1727,Joseph
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the town, preparing elections, impr
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In fact, the first major reform of
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of personal honor. No White man sho
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stopping slaves whenever they were
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Charleston formed a City Guard in 1
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civil rather than military activity
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and Watch. This body was responsibl
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t::Uviolence, the committee argued,
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ity by policemen, dismissing thirte
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Political corruption was not new to
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3THE GENESIS OF A POLICED SOCIETYIN
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first moment, the importance of pol
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deals could be quite profitable for
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suppressing such riots. Not that th
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influence in wards where popular su
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delphia, investigated vegetable mar
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quo (that is, to protect the intere
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To the degree that industrializatio
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This analysis does not solve the pr
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well. 1I3 A more telling difference
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down. TIlls breakdown was in each c
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4COPS AND KLAN, HAND IN HANDAND THE
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tom .... A door opens outward on th
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very much like their previous statu
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tious driving, the model of the car
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statistics tell us that police arre
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fits the unit's established modus o
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Police investigators later document
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And let's not forget the enormous r
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area: they would pull up in a squad
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The Klan would meet the bus at the
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___ stoppedin terms of what the Fre
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SELMA, ALABAMA: BLOODY SUNDAYViolen
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point. The Panthers personified eve
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were killed, and ten other people w
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5THE NATURAL ENEMY OF THE WO RKING
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The practices surrounding the enfor
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lar officer's ties to the local com
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monopoly on it. Despite the continu
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troops, fifty cops from the Metropo
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and filled it with tear gas. As the
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Nine workers were arrested, charged
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the courts, and the police could be
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all health and well-being. The main
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ment retaliation, and a formal grie
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In 1912, Herman Rosenthal, a profes
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leadership. Increasingly, the polic
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struggle for status in urban Americ
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than before. But the main effect of
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The police also returned to open el
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policy. Henry Wise, the lawyer for
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the power and rewards of the upper
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found the FOP was sympathetic enoug
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whereas even the rookie patrolman s
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This process then results in a tran
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class. The police rebellion came wh
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is an obvious threat to democracy.T
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speeches, but as the evening wore o
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The Haymarket tragedy ... marked th
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154The role of the red squads furth
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Democratic Convention, and later go
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tion. Bail would be set at astronom
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tapped, then admitted that it was b
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Department's Inspectional Service D
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dissenting group, representing rela
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instructions on infiltrating and di
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convention," was scheduled to coinc
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170supposed to do that."1Z7 Another
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terrorism that covers virtually all
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In a typical case, Hady Hassan Omar
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a threat had already developed. The
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For most of that day, the police we
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the McCartby reportas a "crude and
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practical consequence of the Show o
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Such force took different forms. So
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at Rockefeller Center. Jeff Jones,
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On the tactical level, Stark notes:
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sion and brutal tactics is dangerou
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PLAYING BY THE RULESThe Negotiated
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f-;Cl.But the city council's perspe
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formalizes the strategy of violence
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Militarization ... can be defined i
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The nationwide craze for SWAT teams
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a--institution into believing that
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tiUCommon features seemed to connec
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are not difficult to discern. Mispl
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Community policing does not imply t
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.. Narcotics En forcement Area" sig
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one to the other) . lther than inve
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tubetter terms with the community o
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center . . .. I don't think there's
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urglaries"; "Biber, tell me about t
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Of course, many community policing
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in a long series of institutional s
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Rodney Stark writes, "It is vulgar
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the name of "gang suppression."I.1
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228ed civil rights workers through
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the elderly and unemployed.40 Meanw
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these clumsy efforts. All this occu
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It is tempting to try to distinguis
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sion. Underlying the search for jus
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0-'Ilr)[/)'"-l()et::01516[/) 17'"-l
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'"'i'..".,..-
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98 This grotesque overstatement ori
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140 \X'illiam Chambliss explains th
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-.0MIMMrn'"-10I¥0rn'"-1E-
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tr)"1"I.."1"rJ)00rJ)E-
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lI'1I0'"1'rJJCjg;(;:G0r...rJJb0Z18'
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252Chicago offering one of the few
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'-0l"-I..I"-rJJ>..
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..,..00I000
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o'"I0000rJlWc..?c.::o'""'rJlWf-;ozG
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2D Quoted in DonnC1", I'rotectors o
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00.-
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lr)N...INN...VJC)g;0VJE-03132333435
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00N'I
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U')
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274145 Braverman offers a clear des
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Dominance," 17.176 Smith concurs: "
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46 Ford Fessenden and Michael Moss,
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...t--...I00...c...CFJ00::0]:.l;.CF
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U"\..I
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1 Eugene L Leach, "The Litcratllre
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M'"""I0000,...(fJ00::0'""(fJ1-
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00N100a--,...(J)C)0>0-(J)E-
Page 307 and 308: (:ommunity Policing," in Victor E.
Page 309 and 310: the United Statf>" (Pittsburgh: Uni
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Page 313 and 314: 1'5olire (Berkeley, CA: Center for
Page 315 and 316: and oppressed people suffer. The Pa
Page 317 and 318: 70 J\kl:voy and Mik,l, "Republican
Page 320 and 321: selected bibliographyI HAVE TRIED T
Page 322 and 323: This is the most readable of the hi
Page 324 and 325: INSTITUTIONALIZED BRUTALITY AND POL
Page 326 and 327: Six Sociological Essays, edited by
Page 328 and 329: Smith, Bruce. Police Systems in the
Page 330 and 331: CHAPTER 7: SECRET POLICE, RED SQUAD
Page 332 and 333: This collection features studies of
Page 334 and 335: Policing Consortium. NCJ 148457. Au
Page 336: Mika, Harry and Kieran McEvoy. "Res
Page 339 and 340: Andrews, Avery D., 288n.4Anthracite
Page 341 and 342: ...>< California Supreme Court, 291
Page 343 and 344: Constables of the Commonwealth(Mass
Page 345 and 346: Ettor, Joseph, 112-113Everett cotto
Page 347 and 348: homelessness and vagrancy (cont.)Se
Page 349 and 350: ...X "Letter from Harlem." See "Fif
Page 351 and 352: National Commission on the Causesan
Page 353 and 354: :>< Pennsylvania State Federation o
Page 355 and 356: prostitution (ca nt.)See also broke
Page 357: X Scranton Commission (President's
Page 361 and 362: Weisburd, David, 243n.137Weiss, The
Page 363: Even critics have a difficult time
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