Kristian Williams - Our Enemies in Blue - Police and Power in America

Gooding-Williams. New Yo rk: Routledge, 1993.Petersilia, Joan and Allan Abrahamse. "A Profile of Those Arrested." In Th eI()s Angell's Riots: Lessons for th e Urban Fu turl', edited by Mark Baldassare.Boulder, CO: Westview Press, UJ94.Porter, Bruce and Marvin Dunn. Th e Miami Riot of 1980: Crossing th eHounds. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 194.Sears, David O. "Urban Rioting in Los Angeles: A Comparison of 1965 with1992." In Th e Los Angeles Riots: Lessons fo r the Urban Fu ture, edited byMark Baldassare. Boulder, co: Westview Press, 1994.Simmons, Charles E. 'The Los Angeles Rebellion: Class, Race, and Misinformation."In Why L.A. Happened: Implications of the '92 Los Angeles Rebellion,edited by Haki R. Madhubuti. Chicago: Third World Press, 199:1.TH E PREVALENCE OF POLICE VI OLENCEReliabk information on police violence is altogether rare. For reasons I discuss inchapter 1, reporting is incomplete and the presentation of data often downplays boththe level of violence and its prevalence. Nevertheless, the most comprehensive studiesavailable are supplied by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/and the National Institute of Justice, www.ojp.lIsdoj.gov/nij/. (Unfortunately, givenrecent attempts to control government information, the future value of these agenciesis impossible to predict.) Another resource for similar information is the NationalCriminal Justice Reference Service, www.ncjrs.org.Bittner, Egon. 'The Capacity to Use Force as the Core of the Police Role." InThe Police and Society: To uchstone Readings, edited by Victor E. Kappeler.Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1999.Human Rights Watch. Shielded from Justice: Police Brutality and Accountabilityin the Un ited States. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1998.Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department [The ChristopherCommissionl. Report of the Independent Commission on the LosAngeles Police Department. July 9, 1991.Justice Department. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Contacts Between Policeand th e Public: Findings from the 1999 Na tional Survey, by Patrick A.Langan, et a!. February 2001.Justice Department. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Policing and Homicide,1976-98: Justifiable Ho micide by Police, Police Officers Murdered by Felons,by Jodi M. Brown and Patrick A. Langan. March 2001.Justice Department. Bureau of Justice Statistics with National Institute ofJustice. Na tional Data Collection on Police Use of Fo rce, by TomMcEwan. April 1996.Justice Department. Bureau of Justice Statistics with National Institute ofJustice. Use of Force by Police: Overview of Na tional and Local Data.Washington, D.C.: October 1999.Th is Justice Department document contains several reports, including: Kenneth Adams,"vVhat We Know About Police Use of Force':' Joel Garner and Christopher Maxwell,"Measuring the Amount of Force Used by and Against the Police in Six Jurisdictions':' andMark A. Henriquez, "lACP National Database Project on Police Use of Force. "306