<strong>in</strong>dexAbel, Richard, 298n.38, 300n.74, 317Abitabile, Michael P. , 136Active Resistance, 167-168Acton, Thomas, 180, 283n.16Adams (Detroit, Michigan), 92Adams, Eric, 87Adams, Gerry, 299n.67Adams, Kenneth, 9-10, 238nA3Adams, Lucien, 79Africa, Delbert, 170Africa, John, 170Africa, Ramona, 170African National Congress (ANC),230, 233, 286n.104, 298nA5Air Force. See United States Air ForceAkron, Ohio, 85, 263n.2Al Qaeda, 173Alabama, 79, 80, 93-94, 260n.111,261n.150. See also <strong>in</strong>dividual citiesAlabama Knights of the Ku KluxKlan, 91alarm men. See slave patrols <strong>and</strong>city guardsAlbany, New York, 52Albert, Sheldon, 18Alex, Nicholas, 241n.94Alex<strong>and</strong>ria, Louisiana, 255n.27Algiers (Algeria), 219Allegheny County, Pennsylvania,264n.35Alliance to End Repression, 167, 168,279n.115, 279n.117, 279n.118Altgeld, John, 151Altoona, Pennsylvania, 181<strong>America</strong>n Civil Liberties Union(ACLU), 155, 156, 162, 166, 171-172,178, 194, 280n.142, 281n.144,281n.148, 282n.156, 282n.166, 283nA<strong>America</strong>n Cossack, Th e (PennsylvaniaState Federation of Labor), 109-110<strong>America</strong>n Federation of Labor (AFL) ,122, 123, 227, 267nA, 268n.21<strong>America</strong>n Federation of Labor-Congressof Industrial Organizations(AFL-CIO), 274n.154. See also Congressof Industrial Organizations;strikes; unions <strong>and</strong> labor movements<strong>America</strong>n Federation of State,County, <strong>and</strong> Municipal Employees(AFSCME), 124, 138, 268n,46<strong>America</strong>n Friends Service Committee,157, 162<strong>America</strong>n Legion, 110<strong>America</strong>n Nazi Party, 102<strong>America</strong>n Party. See Know-Noth<strong>in</strong>gParty<strong>America</strong>n Protective League, 154<strong>America</strong>n Woolen Company, 112, 113Ames, Adelbert, 256n.28Amnesty International, 10anarchism <strong>and</strong> anarchists, 152-155,167-168, 193, 277n.7, 296n.2Anarchist Squads. See red squadsAnarchy <strong>and</strong> Anarchists (Schaack), 151321
Andrews, Avery D., 288n.4Anthracite Coal Strike Commission,108Anti-Defamation League of B'naiB'rith, 166Anti-Radical <strong>and</strong> Crime PreventionBureau. See red squadsapartheid. See South AfricaArcher, Dennis, 118Area Manag-ement Committee,300n.72Arizona, 282n.156. See also <strong>in</strong>dividualcitiesArkansas. See <strong>in</strong>dividual citiesArmy <strong>and</strong> Navy Register, 182Army Intelligence, 153, 160, 221Army Rangers, 288n.20Ashcroft, John, 172, 173asset forfeiture, 202-203, 257n.48Atlanta Constitution, 260n.111Atlanta, Georgia, 5, 14, 92, 124, 139,239n.60, 275n.166, 275n.174Atlantic Monthly, 246Atteaux, Fred E., 112Atteaux Supply Company, 112B'nai B'rith. See Anti-DefamationLeague of B'nai B'rithBacon, Selden, 28, 65, 73, 74Baker, George L., 91Bakersfield, California, 91Baldw<strong>in</strong>, James, 6, 7, 8, 24Baltimore, Maryl<strong>and</strong>, 56, 64, 72, 73,124, 135, 161-162, 164, 181, 268n.46Banfield, Edward c., 56, 129, 250n.34Bankers Life Association, 128Barbados, 36-37, 72Barbary Coast (San Francisco,California), 58Barbour County, Alabama, 79Bari, Judi, 169-170Barnett, Hop, 98Barre, Vermont, 113Basic Car Plan, 290n.67Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 79Bayley, David, 11, 27, 89, 204, 210,213, 292n.80Beat Health, 212Begole, George D., 92Belfast, Irel<strong>and</strong>, 231, 232, 234, 296n.13Bell Isle, (Detroit, Michigan) , 92Bellows, Henry A., 182, 284n.42,285n.79Bemoit, Oscar, 112Benkert v. Michiga n (1974), 163Bentham, jeremy, 292n.90Benwell. ]., 42Berkeley, California, 185, 186,228, 270n.64, 285n.76, 285n.78Berkeley Hills, (Berkeley, California),228Berry, Mary Frances, 261n.136Beverly Light Guards, 181Bienville, lean-Baptiste LeMoyne de, 46Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, Alabama, 91, 93-94,94-95, 99, 163, 164, 184Black Cavalry, 77Black Codes, 47, 81Black Legion, the, 92Black Panther Party for Self Defense,<strong>and</strong> electoral reform of police, 228;<strong>and</strong> patrols aga<strong>in</strong>st police brutality,100, 228; <strong>and</strong> survival programs,100, 228, 297n.28; <strong>and</strong> Te n Po<strong>in</strong>t PI Ugram, 100, 261n.159; level of supportfor, 228-229, 298n.33; LiberationSchools, 228; repression of. 100-101,158-160, 186, 199, 285n.59Black Panthers, 228Black <strong>Power</strong> movement. See civil rightsmovement/Black <strong>Power</strong> movementBlack Social Workers' Union, 162Blackstone Rangers, 159Bleeders (gang) , 61Bloody Sunday (March 7, 1965, Selma,Alabama), 99Bloody Thursday (July 5, 1934, SanFrancisco, California) , 115<strong>Blue</strong> Book, 232, 235, 300n.72, 300n.76.See also Northern Irel<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> popularjustice; Community RestorativeJustice322
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WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION BY•J O YJ
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(e) 2007 by Kristian WilliamsIntrod
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acknowledgmentsBOOKS DO Nar WRITE T
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ZSugE-
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forewordPOLICE AND POWER IN AMERICA
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1POLICE BRUTALITY IN THEORY AND PRA
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copter. Of these, ten Los Angeles P
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way of understanding the lives led
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vidual officer, perhaps it leads us
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given incident, while excessive use
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The difficulties in measuring exces
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up, a very large number of citizens
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(5) Unintentionality."[0 lffi cers
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Between 1995 and 2000, 360 cops wer
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emember that the available statisti
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even be supported by the lieutenant
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standing of those with power-those
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specialized function, and professio
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TIlere is a further advantage to th
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and frequently drunk.In 1727,Joseph
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the town, preparing elections, impr
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In fact, the first major reform of
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of personal honor. No White man sho
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stopping slaves whenever they were
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Charleston formed a City Guard in 1
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civil rather than military activity
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and Watch. This body was responsibl
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t::Uviolence, the committee argued,
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ity by policemen, dismissing thirte
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Political corruption was not new to
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3THE GENESIS OF A POLICED SOCIETYIN
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first moment, the importance of pol
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deals could be quite profitable for
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suppressing such riots. Not that th
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influence in wards where popular su
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delphia, investigated vegetable mar
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quo (that is, to protect the intere
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To the degree that industrializatio
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This analysis does not solve the pr
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well. 1I3 A more telling difference
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down. TIlls breakdown was in each c
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4COPS AND KLAN, HAND IN HANDAND THE
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tom .... A door opens outward on th
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very much like their previous statu
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tious driving, the model of the car
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statistics tell us that police arre
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fits the unit's established modus o
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Police investigators later document
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And let's not forget the enormous r
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area: they would pull up in a squad
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The Klan would meet the bus at the
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___ stoppedin terms of what the Fre
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SELMA, ALABAMA: BLOODY SUNDAYViolen
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point. The Panthers personified eve
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were killed, and ten other people w
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5THE NATURAL ENEMY OF THE WO RKING
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The practices surrounding the enfor
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lar officer's ties to the local com
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monopoly on it. Despite the continu
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troops, fifty cops from the Metropo
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and filled it with tear gas. As the
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Nine workers were arrested, charged
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the courts, and the police could be
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all health and well-being. The main
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ment retaliation, and a formal grie
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In 1912, Herman Rosenthal, a profes
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leadership. Increasingly, the polic
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struggle for status in urban Americ
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than before. But the main effect of
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The police also returned to open el
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policy. Henry Wise, the lawyer for
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the power and rewards of the upper
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found the FOP was sympathetic enoug
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whereas even the rookie patrolman s
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This process then results in a tran
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class. The police rebellion came wh
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is an obvious threat to democracy.T
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speeches, but as the evening wore o
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The Haymarket tragedy ... marked th
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154The role of the red squads furth
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Democratic Convention, and later go
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tion. Bail would be set at astronom
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tapped, then admitted that it was b
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Department's Inspectional Service D
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dissenting group, representing rela
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instructions on infiltrating and di
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convention," was scheduled to coinc
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170supposed to do that."1Z7 Another
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terrorism that covers virtually all
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In a typical case, Hady Hassan Omar
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a threat had already developed. The
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For most of that day, the police we
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the McCartby reportas a "crude and
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practical consequence of the Show o
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Such force took different forms. So
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at Rockefeller Center. Jeff Jones,
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On the tactical level, Stark notes:
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sion and brutal tactics is dangerou
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PLAYING BY THE RULESThe Negotiated
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f-;Cl.But the city council's perspe
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formalizes the strategy of violence
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Militarization ... can be defined i
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The nationwide craze for SWAT teams
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a--institution into believing that
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tiUCommon features seemed to connec
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are not difficult to discern. Mispl
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Community policing does not imply t
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.. Narcotics En forcement Area" sig
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one to the other) . lther than inve
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tubetter terms with the community o
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center . . .. I don't think there's
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urglaries"; "Biber, tell me about t
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Of course, many community policing
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in a long series of institutional s
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Rodney Stark writes, "It is vulgar
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the name of "gang suppression."I.1
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228ed civil rights workers through
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the elderly and unemployed.40 Meanw
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these clumsy efforts. All this occu
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It is tempting to try to distinguis
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sion. Underlying the search for jus
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0-'Ilr)[/)'"-l()et::01516[/) 17'"-l
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'"'i'..".,..-
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98 This grotesque overstatement ori
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140 \X'illiam Chambliss explains th
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-.0MIMMrn'"-10I¥0rn'"-1E-
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tr)"1"I.."1"rJ)00rJ)E-
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lI'1I0'"1'rJJCjg;(;:G0r...rJJb0Z18'
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252Chicago offering one of the few
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'-0l"-I..I"-rJJ>..
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..,..00I000
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o'"I0000rJlWc..?c.::o'""'rJlWf-;ozG
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M0,...I00,...rJJC)0rJJ1-
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2D Quoted in DonnC1", I'rotectors o
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00.-
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lr)N...INN...VJC)g;0VJE-03132333435
- Page 287 and 288: 00N'I
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- Page 291 and 292: 274145 Braverman offers a clear des
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- Page 295 and 296: 46 Ford Fessenden and Michael Moss,
- Page 297 and 298: ...t--...I00...c...CFJ00::0]:.l;.CF
- Page 299 and 300: U"\..I
- Page 301 and 302: 1 Eugene L Leach, "The Litcratllre
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- Page 305 and 306: 00N100a--,...(J)C)0>0-(J)E-
- Page 307 and 308: (:ommunity Policing," in Victor E.
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- Page 313 and 314: 1'5olire (Berkeley, CA: Center for
- Page 315 and 316: and oppressed people suffer. The Pa
- Page 317 and 318: 70 J\kl:voy and Mik,l, "Republican
- Page 320 and 321: selected bibliographyI HAVE TRIED T
- Page 322 and 323: This is the most readable of the hi
- Page 324 and 325: INSTITUTIONALIZED BRUTALITY AND POL
- Page 326 and 327: Six Sociological Essays, edited by
- Page 328 and 329: Smith, Bruce. Police Systems in the
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- Page 332 and 333: This collection features studies of
- Page 334 and 335: Policing Consortium. NCJ 148457. Au
- Page 336: Mika, Harry and Kieran McEvoy. "Res
- Page 341 and 342: ...>< California Supreme Court, 291
- Page 343 and 344: Constables of the Commonwealth(Mass
- Page 345 and 346: Ettor, Joseph, 112-113Everett cotto
- Page 347 and 348: homelessness and vagrancy (cont.)Se
- Page 349 and 350: ...X "Letter from Harlem." See "Fif
- Page 351 and 352: National Commission on the Causesan
- Page 353 and 354: :>< Pennsylvania State Federation o
- Page 355 and 356: prostitution (ca nt.)See also broke
- Page 357 and 358: X Scranton Commission (President's
- Page 359 and 360: :>< Ta mmany Hall, 51, 52, 55, 250n
- Page 361 and 362: Weisburd, David, 243n.137Weiss, The
- Page 363: Even critics have a difficult time