Kristian Williams - Our Enemies in Blue - Police and Power in America

to include the voices of those who are excluded from and marginalized by theinstitutions of social power. I have continued that effort in this bibliography.It will also be noted that I have relied almost exclusively on secondarysources. Partly this was a practical expedient, suited to the scope of the argument.But it brings with it an additional advantage: none of my conclusionsrely on the discovery of some new fact, only on a re-interpretation of what isalready known. If the facts are agreed upon, those who would fault my conclusionswill be forced, it is hoped, to engage my arguments.GENERAL TOPICSAMERICAN HISTORYZinn, Howard. A People's History of the Un ited States, 1492-Present. NewYork: HarperPerennial, 1995.Clearly written and engaging, this book presents American history "from below, " emphasizingthe experiences of Native Americans, African Americans, women, workers, andother oppressed peoples.CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGYChambliss, William ]. Po wer, Po litics, and Crime. Boulder, CO: We stviewPress, 1999.Currie, Elliott. Crime and Pu nishment in America. New York: MetropolitanBooks, 1998.The two works listed here are each short, readable volumes demolishing the conventionalwisdom about crime, its causes, the law, its enforcement, the effectiveness of prisons, andrelated topics.POLICE 111" 1 ukH""1he typical police history focuses on one city and covers a century or less. If it paysattention to the early period, it traces in minute detail the gradual replacement of thenight watch with the monern institution. If it discusses t,l} e latter part of the niD.etccnt..or the first half of the twentieth century, it focuses on the interplay between official corruptionand reform efforts. There are variations of scope and emphasis, but that is thestandard formula.Bacon, Selden Daskan. Th e Early Development of the American Municipal Police:A Study of the Evolution of Formal Controls in a Changing Society. 2vols. PhD diss., Yale University, 1939. Ann Arbor: University MicrofilmsInternational [facsimile], 1986.While very dry, Bacon's dissertation presents an exhaustive account of early police systemsleading up to the modern fo rm. One is tempted to say that the account is too exhaustive, butit offe rs a goldmine of details fo r anyone willing to dig.Bayley, David H. "The Development of Modern Policing." In Policing Perspectives:An Anthology , edited by Larry K. Gaines and Gary W. Cordner. LosAngeles: Roxbury Publishing Co., 1999.Fogelson, Robert M. Big-City Police. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UniversityPress, 1977.304