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CHAPTER 8Fundamental NetworksObjectivesUpon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions:■■■■■■What are the principles of networking?What are the different types of networks?What are the basic networking concepts andtechnologies?What makes up the physical components of anetwork?What are the LAN topologies and architectures?What are some of the standards organizations?Key Terms■■■■■■What are the Ethernet standards?What are the OSI and TCP/IP data models?How do I configure a NIC and a modem?What are the names, purposes, and characteristicsof other technologies used to establish connectivity?How do I identify and apply common preventivemaintenance techniques used with networks?How do I troubleshoot a network?This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary.networkingpage xxlocal-area network (LAN)wide-area network (WAN)wireless LAN (WLAN)peer-to-peer networkclient/server networkIP addressingprotocolbandwidthpage xxpage xxpage xxbits per second (bps)kilobits per second (kbps)page xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxmegabits per second (Mbps)page xxpage xxpage xxsimplexhalf duplexfull duplexbroadbandpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxdigital subscriber line (DSL)IP addresssubnet maskpage xxpage xxpage xxDynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)page xxDomain Name System (DNS) serverTCP/IPpage xxHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)page xxpage xxpage xxcontinues
2 IT Essentials: PC Harware and Software Companion GuidecontinuedTelnetpage xxSimple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)hubbridgeswitchrouterpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxwireless access pointtwisted pairpage xxpage xxunshielded twisted pair (UTP)shielded twisted pair (STP)coaxial cablepage xxThicknet (10BASE5)Thinnet (10BASE2)fiber-optic cablemultimodesingle-modelogical topologybus topologyring topologystar topologypage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxhierarchical or extended star topologymesh topologyLAN architectureEthernetToken Ringpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxFiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)page xxpage xxpage xxpage xxTelecommunications Industry Association andElectronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA) page xxIEEE 802.3page xxcarrier sense multiple access collision detect(CSMA/CD) page xx10BASE-Tpage xx802.11a page xx802.11b page xx802.11g page xx802.11n page xxapplication protocolpage xxDomain Name System (DNS)page xxHypertext Markup Language (HTML)transport protocolpage xxTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Internet Protocol (IP)page xxRouting Information Protocol (RIP)Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)network access protocolNIC driverMAC addressdefault gatewaypage xxanalog telephonepage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxInternet service provider (ISP)asymmetric DSL (ADSL)high data rate DSL (HDSL)ISDN DSL (IDSL)cable modempage xxVoice over IP (VoIP)page xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xxpage xx
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iiiTrademark AcknowledgmentsAll ter
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vAbout the Technical ReviewersDavid
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ixIdentify the Names, Purposes, and
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CHAPTER 1Introduction to the Person
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CHAPTER 13Advanced Laptops and Port
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GlossaryThis glossary defines many
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desktop computer 7crosstalk Interfe
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