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Chapter 8: Fundamental Networks 59<strong>Summary</strong>This chapter introduced you to the fundamentals of networking, the benefits of having anetwork, and the ways to connect computers to a network. The different aspects of troubleshootinga network were discussed, with examples of how to analyze and implementsimple solutions. The following concepts from this chapter are important to remember:■■■■■■■■■■■■A computer network is composed of two or more computers that share data andresources.A local-area network (LAN) is a group of interconnected computers that are under thesame administrative control.A wide-area network (WAN) connects LANs in geographically separated locations.In a peer-to-peer network, devices are connected directly to each other. A peer-to-peernetwork is easy to install, and no additional equipment or dedicated administrator isrequired.The network topology defines how computers, printers, and other devices are connected.The physical topology describes the layout of the wire and devices, as well as thepaths used by data transmissions. The logical topology is the path that signals travelfrom one point to another. Topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh.Networking media can be defined as the means by which signals, or data, are sent fromone computer to another. Signals can be transmitted by either cable or wireless means.The media types discussed were coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic cable, andradio frequencies.Ethernet architecture is currently the most popular type of LAN architecture.The OSI reference model is an industry-standard framework that is used to divide networkingfunctions into seven distinct layers: application, presentation, session, transport,network, data link, and physical. It is important to understand the purpose of eachlayer.The TCP/IP suite of protocols has become the dominant standard for the Internet.A NIC is a device that plugs into a motherboard and provides ports for the networkcable connections. It is the computer interface with the LAN.The three transmission methods for sending signals over data channels are simplex,half duplex, and full duplex. Full-duplex networking technology increases performancebecause data can be sent and received at the same time. DSL, two-way cable modem,and other broadband technologies operate in full-duplex mode.It is important to clean equipment regularly and to use a proactive approach to preventproblems.
60 IT Essentials: PC Harware and Software Companion Guide■When troubleshooting network problems, listen to what your customer tells you so thatyou can formulate open-ended and closed-ended questions that will help you determinewhere to begin fixing the problem. Verify obvious issues, and try quick solutions beforeescalating the troubleshooting process.<strong>Summary</strong> of ExercisesThis is a summary of the labs and worksheets associated with this chapter.LabThe following lab covers material from this chapter. Refer to the lab in IT Essentials: PCHardware and Software Labs and Study Guide, Third Edition:Lab 8.9.2: Configure an Ethernet NIC to Use DHCPWorksheetsThe following worksheets cover material from this chapter. Refer to the worksheets in ITEssentials: PC Hardware and Software Labs and Study Guide, Third Edition:Worksheet 8.3.2: Identify IP Address ClassesWorksheet 8.9.1: Internet Search for NIC DriversWorksheet 8.10.3: Answer Broadband QuestionsWorksheet 8.12.2: Diagnose a Network ProblemCheck Your UnderstandingYou can find the answers to these questions in the appendix, “Answers to Check YourUnderstanding Questions.”1. The Internet is an example of which type of network?A. LANB. SANC. WAND. WLAN
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vAbout the Technical ReviewersDavid
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CHAPTER 1Introduction to the Person
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CHAPTER 7Fundamental Printers and S
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CHAPTER 13Advanced Laptops and Port
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GlossaryThis glossary defines many
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desktop computer 7crosstalk Interfe
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floppy data cable 11FFast Ethernet
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