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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Personal Computer 15bridge controls access to the RAM, video card, and the speeds at which the CPU can communicatewith them. The video card is sometimes integrated into the northbridge. Thesouthbridge, in most cases, allows the CPU to communicate with the hard drives, soundcard, USB ports, and other input/output (I/O) ports.Identify the Names, Purposes, and Characteristics ofCPUsThe central processing unit (CPU) is considered the computer’s brain. It is sometimescalled the processor. Most calculations take place in the CPU. In terms of computing power,the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. CPUs come in different formfactors, each style requiring a particular slot or socket on the motherboard. Common CPUmanufacturers include Intel and AMD.The CPU socket or slot is the connector that is the interface between the motherboard andthe processor. Most CPU sockets and processors in use today are built around the pin gridarray (PGA) architecture, in which the pins on the underside of the processor are insertedinto the socket, usually with zero insertion force (ZIF). ZIF refers to the amount of forceneeded to install a CPU into the motherboard socket or slot. Slot-based processors are cartridge-shapedand fit into a slot that looks similar to an expansion slot. Tables 1-2 through1-8 list common CPU socket specifications.Table 1-2CPU Socket Specifications: Intel/AMD 486 ClassSocket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSocket 1 169 17×17 PGA 5 V 486 SX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 ODSocket 2 238 19×19 PGA 5 V 486 SX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 OD, 486Pentium ODSocket 3 237 19×19 PGA 5 /3.3 V 486 SX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4, 486Pentium OD, AMD 5x86Socket 6 235 19×19 PGA 3.3 V 486 DX4, 486 Pentium ODTable 1-3CPU Socket Specifications: Intel/AMD 586 (Pentium) ClassSocket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSocket 4 273 21×21 PGA 5 V Pentium 60/66, ODSocket 5 320 37×37 SPGA 3.3 V/3.5 V Pentium 75-133, ODSocket 7 321 37×37 SPGA VRM Pentium 75-233+, MMX, OD, AMDK5/K6, Cyrix M1/ll
16 IT Essentials: PC Harware and Software Companion GuideTable 1-4CPU Socket Specifications: Intel 686 (Pentium II/III) ClassSocket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSocket 8 387 Dual-pattern Auto VRM Pentium Pro, ODSPGASlot 1 242 Slot Auto VRM Pentium II/III, Celeron SECC(SC242)Socket 370 370 37×37 SPGA Auto VRM Celeron/Pentium III PPGA/FC-PGATable 1-5CPU Socket Specifications: Pentium 4 ClassSocket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSocket 423 423 39×39 SPGA Auto VRM Pentium 4 FC-PGASocket 478 478 26×26m PGA Auto VRM Pentium 4/ Celeron FC-PGA2Socket T 775 30×33 LGA Auto VRM Pentium 4/ Celeron LGA775(LGA775)Table 1-6CPU Socket Specifications: AMD K7 ClassSocket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSlot A 242 Slot Auto VRM AMD Athlon SECCSocket A 462 37×37 Auto VRM AMD Athlon/Athlon XP/Duron PGA/(462) SPGA FC-PGATable 1-7CPU Socket Specifications: AMD K8 Class[2]Socket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSocket 754 754 29×29 mPGA Auto VRM AMD Athlon 64Socket 939 939 31×31 mPGA Auto VRM AMD Athlon 64 v.2Socket 940 940 31×31 mPGA Auto VRM AMD Athlon 64FX, OpteronTable 1-8CPU Socket Specifications: Intel/AMD Server and Workstation ClassSocket Pins Layout Voltage Supported ProcessorsSlot 2 330 Slot Auto VRM Pentium II/III XeonSocket 603 603 31×25 mPGA Auto VRM Xeon (P4)
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CHAPTER 7Fundamental Printers and S
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CHAPTER 13Advanced Laptops and Port
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GlossaryThis glossary defines many
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ase station 3AppleTalk A protocol s
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floppy data cable 11FFast Ethernet
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Regedit 23Printer Control Language
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