Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

where did it come from? 133improve the efficiency of policing. Joint capacity-building missions thatcluster relevant CTRs may allow quicker implementation and improvethe ability to share the lessons learned between similar control problems.Clustering would also allow more effective regional studies ofimplementation as well as shared training.Capacity building should not be limited to state agents. Public educationefforts should be significantly increased to create a duty-of-careculture and to balance vested government and private sector interests.It is essential to have international control efforts be seen as justifiedand in everyone’s best interests rather than have violations be seen asentrepreneurship.Contextual ConsiderationsOur five basic elements should inevitably be adapted to specific circumstancesand contexts. Some of the issues that are likely to have a significantimpact on the success of a specific CTR are elaborated in thissection. Specific technical, legal, institutional, and political circumstanceswill shape any CTR, and there is a need to understand theinternational market that underpins a specific commodity. Many CTRsare often dogged by an ad hoc and unsystematic approach where individualenforcement agencies attempt to target individual traffickers incontraband without reducing the size of the illegal market in whichthey operate. Without addressing demand and supply pressures that determineprofit-making opportunities, other operators will expand ornew operations will enter the market. Thus controls must go beyondsimply increasing enforcement of national laws to address the internationaldemand and supply of the commodity.Consideration 1: Detailed Understandingof the Commodity ChainComplicated networks link raw materials and producers to customersthrough a web of supplier relationships with the involvement of ancillaryspecialist services and other key actors such as legitimate businesses,government officials, and consumers. These interactions arecritical in shaping a CTR regime. For example, in the case of diamonds,the global mining industry consists of three main sectors: mining, roughdiamond trading, and cutting and polishing. A diamond tracking systemmust therefore take into account well-organized large companies, 17uncontrolled smaller operations, and the hundred or so countries thatparticipate in the exporting, cutting, and polishing of rough diamonds.