Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

follow the money 211of all firearms with unique markers at the time of manufacture and the timeof import.21. This section is included for the sake of a complete review that analyzesthe financial aspects of commodity control regimes and is necessarily incompletegiven the scope of the chapter. A more detailed and precise discussion ofthe reporting of resource revenues, especially in oil and timber, is set forth inchapter 4.22. “Active” bribery is defined as the offering or making of a bribe by theperson or entity seeking to influence official action; “passive” bribery is the requestfor or acceptance of a bribe by an official offering to take governmentaction on behalf of a private interest.23. OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officialsin International Business Transactions. See www.oecd.org/pdf/M00017000/M00017037.pdf.24. For copies of the reports of member states and related documents, seewww.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1373/.25. For a complete description of FATF initiatives related to terroristfinance, see www1.oecd.org/fatf/TerFinance_en.htm.26. The full text of the FATF’s 40 recommendations is available at theFATF’s website at www.oecd.org/fatf.27. These are the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering; the CaribbeanFinancial Action Task Force; the Council of Europe Select Committee ofExperts on the Evaluation of Anti–Money Laundering Measures; the Easternand Southern Africa Anti–Money Laundering Group; and the South AmericanFATF. Only two regions—Central and Western Sub-Saharan Africa and theMiddle East—remain largely outside the scope of these anti–money launderinginstitutions; each of these regions has little capacity to prevent the launderingof the proceeds of illicit activity, including those derived from commodityexploitation.28. For a description of the Wolfsberg principles and related documents,see www.wolfsberg-principles.com.29. Among the many gaps in this chapter is a discussion of the monitoringand tracking mechanisms put into place in countries such as Botswana andNorway that have avoided the resource curse.30. The scope of the paper does not permit a review of the illicit commoditiesused by political officials in the Democratic Republic of Congo.31. International Spotlight advertising supplement, Washington Post (purchasedby the Democratic Republic of Congo), November 28, 2001, in a promotionalarticle noting the country’s intention to adopt a new electronic paymentssystem in the near future.32. According to the UN panel of experts, measures must be developed todeal with the revenues that would be lost for all the parties involved in illegalexploitation within the Democratic Republic of Congo, and these measures