Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

382 indexRUF-controlled areas in SierraLeone and the Al-Qaeda terroristnetwork, 270FARC. See Revolutionary ArmedForces of ColombiaFarming. See Agricultural sectorFATF. See Financial Action TaskForce on Money LaunderingFauna and Flora International:coltan trade report, 75Financial Action Task Force onMoney Laundering: “black list”of noncooperative countries, 185;creation of, 161, 184; criteria fordetecting possible terrorist transactions,182; description, 183–84;expansion of mission, 185;identification of jurisdictionswith critical deficiencies in theanti–money launderingsystems, 209 n4; initial mandate,184; initiative to identifynoncooperative countries andterritories involved in moneylaundering, 162, 209 n4; limitedresources of, 191; mixture ofvoluntary membership andmandatory compliance, 223;“naming and shaming” initiatives,162, 189, 207–8; possibledevelopment of typologies for thelaundering of the proceeds ofvarious commodities, 194;post–September 11 recommendations,207, 212 n34; review ofrecommendations, 199; summaryof recommendations, 184–85;system for self- and mutualassessment, 184Financial Sector AssessmentProgram, 91 n14Financial Stability Forum:creation, 161Financing illicit resource extraction:alternative remittance systems,165; and anticorruption andtransparency standards andnorms, 172, 181–82; anti–moneylaundering standards and normsand the FATF, 172, 183–85; andantinarcotics and anticrimestandards and norms, 172,185–86; and antiterrorismstandards and norms, 172,182–83; and certification regimes,172, 176–80; common elementsof conflicts financed by illicitcommodities, 171–72; commonelements of finance by illicitcommodities, 170–71; “conflict”definition, 167; corrupt officials’relationship with organizedcriminals, 167–68; definitions andconcepts, 165–72; developmentof further standards, 199–200;difference between rebel groupsand terrorist groups financed byillicit commodities, 168; anddisclosure and monitoringinitiatives, 172, 180–81; andembargoes, 172, 173–76;enforcement of documentation ontangible versus intangible goods,164; exchange of informationrelating to suspicious transactionsinvolving illicit commodities, 198;existing initiatives, 172–90;formal financial services, 165;gaps and possible institutionalresponses, 190–95; and globalfinancial services infrastructure,161, 163, 165; governmentsfinanced by illicit commodities,168; identification andrecord-keeping rules, 195–96;“illicit resource extraction”definition, 166–67; implementationand role of regulatory andother administrative authorities,197; improved mutual assistanceamong countries, 198–99;ineffectiveness of domesticmechanisms within a countryin the midst of conflict, 163;