Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

index 393Military forces: accrual of resourcerevenues by, 57–58; and controlof resource industries, 25–26;expenditures on, 25Mining, Minerals, and SustainableDevelopment Project: focus of, 72;and Global Reporting Initiativeguidelines, 73; potential strengthsand weaknesses of, 73; recommendations,258–59; sector-specificsupplements, 70; suggestionsrelevant to revenue transparency,74; survey of mining companies,293; transparency agreements, 49;and World Business Council forSustainable Development, 72Mining industry: assessing thecommercial viability of a newproject, 287; association withpoor governance and conflict, 288;attracting reputable companies torisky environments, 287–347;fall in base metal prices, 291;investment climate, 291; jointventure partnerships, 321–22;and Multilateral InvestmentGuarantee Agency, 324–25;political risks, 291–93;promotion of downstreamindustries, 22; security of tenureconcerns, 292–93; small-scaleminers, 318; and threat of politicalinstability in countries, 293;transparency agreements, 49.See also specific metals andmineralsMitchell, John: investmentstudy, 294Mitsubishi: involvement in theMozal aluminum smelterproject, 324MMSD Project. See Mining,Minerals, and SustainableDevelopment ProjectMoney laundering: anti–moneylaundering standards and norms,172, 183–85; and certificationprograms, 179–80; andDemocratic Republic ofCongo, 202; financial mechanismsused to launder illegal drugmoney, 205–6; geographic regionsuncovered by transparencyframeworks, 193; GlobalAnti–Money LaunderingGuidelines for Private Banking,186–89; legislation, 131;measures to cope with theproblem of countries with noor insufficient anti–money launderingmeasures, 196–97;OECD’s initiative to identifynoncooperative countries andterritories involved in, 162;offshore havens, 193; “red flags”indicating activity, 189, 190;techniques for, 169, 176;terrorists’ use of gold andgemstones for laundering money,169, 210 n11; United NationsConvention against TransnationalOrganized Crime’s provisions,179–80, 185–86, 242; UnitedNations Convention toCombat Illicit and PsychotropicDrugs’ anti–drug moneylaundering and law enforcementcommitments, 161, 175, 185–86.See also Financial Action TaskForce on Money Laundering;Financing illicit resourceextractionMontreal Protocol on SubstancesThat Deplete the Ozone Layer:black market, 136–37; “due care”requirement, 141; financialmechanism to build thecompliance capacity of developingstates, 132; institution of a globalrequirement for licensing of tradein ozone-damaging substances,102; multilateral fund, 126; traderestrictions on ozone-depletingsubstances, 127