Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

227CertificationregimesKimberleyCertificationProcess SchemeTimbercertification(for example,forestcertificationschemes)AidconditionalityEconomicsupervisionPrevent laundering ofconflict diamondsin legitimate tradeAchieve sustainableforest managementUse economic leverageto improvegovernance byaid recipientSupervise resourceexploitation, trade,and revenueallocation duringpeace processesMandatory. Internationalagreement byparticipating memberstates to be legallyimplementedby industryVoluntary. Adhesion toan independentlymonitored certificationprocessMandatory. Suspensionor cancellation ofloans and grants bydonor agencyMandatory.Implementation bytransitional authoritymandated by resourceproject contract, peaceagreement, UNSecurity CouncilWeak, until globallyadopted andeffectively monitored,which is unlikelyWeak, concerns onlya minor share of thetimber tradeUntested, problem offoreign policy focuson terrorism, functionof significance of aidversus resourcerevenueUntested in the contextof a peace process(weak for Cambodia1992–93)Extended globally torestrict market access fornoncertified diamondsand provide independentmonitoringExtended globally torestrict market accessfor conflict timber(noncertified)Integration of standards ofresource governance inaid and trade agreementsIncorporation into peacenegotiations, and UNpeacekeeping andtransitional authoritymandates; possible futureuse in context of Sudan(Table continues on the following page.)