Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

Table 6.1 Overview of International Instruments of EnforcementInstrument Goal Institutional structure Effectiveness Future plansSanction regimesUN SecurityCouncilsanctionsRegionalsanctions (forexample, byECOWAS)UN panels ofexpertsAttenuate and resolveconflicts througheconomic leverageand criminalizationAttenuate and resolveconflicts througheconomic leverageReport on sanctionsviolations and wareconomies andrecommend followupactionsMandatory. Internationallaw implemented bymember states andtargeting states,groups, or individualsMandatory. Regionalregulationimplemented bymember states andtargeting states,groups, or individualsVoluntary. Independentgroup of expertsmandated by the UNSecurity Council andreporting to the UNSecretary GeneralStrong to medium, ifeffectively enforcedMedium, function ofimplementation byneighboring-tradingcountriesHigh in terms ofexposure and“naming andshaming”; weak interms of enforcementvia recommendationsMore precisely targetedsanctions and effectivecriminalization ofsanction busting bymember statesImproved compliance andenforcement mechanismsby member statesSystematic use duringsanction regimes;centralized support unit(Table continues on the following page.)225