Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

More documents

Recommendations

Info

index 379country, 141–42. See alsoRepublic of CongoDenmark: and Cambodia’s ForestCrimes Monitoring Unit, 180;capacity-building initiatives, 329Diamond industry: commoditychain, 133; “conflict diamonds,”4, 47, 134, 138, 146–49, 158 n24,158 n26, 288; De Beers’ stabilizingrole, 56; mixing of conflictdiamonds with legitimatelymined diamonds, 134; nationalcertification schemes, 158 n23;newspaper article alleging linksbetween diamonds fromRUF-controlled areas in SierraLeone and the Al-Qaeda terroristnetwork, 270; and remoteextraction, 57; resource revenuereporting, 57; self-regulatorymeasures, 246. See also KimberleyCertification Process SchemeDiamonds: certification of, 13–14,34, 56, 138–39, 177–78, 244–48;deconcentrated set of suppliers for,192; and Democratic Republic ofCongo, 200; embargoes on, 174;importance to Botswana andSierra Leone economies, 11; asprimary commodity, 9; rebelgroup financing, 31, 32, 168–69,218. See also KimberleyCertification Process SchemeDjibouti: and Sudan peaceprocess, 336Dow Jones Sustainability Index, 265Due diligence procedures, 140Duffield, Mark: regulating wareconomies through sanctions, 235“Dutch disease”: Azerbaijan’sefforts to avoid, 84; Botswana’seconomic policies for avoiding,82; description, 354; andexchange rate flexibility, 361; andprimary commodity dependence,9; and resource dependence,36 n5; and revenue volatility, 56EarthRights International, 269, 343Earth Summit (Johannesburg):UNEP pilot project results, 108Earth Summit (Rio): commoditytrackingproblems, 124East Asia FLEG, 62–64Eastern and Southern AfricaAnti–Money Laundering Group:and FATF standards, 211 n27Economic Agendas in Civil WarsProject, 90 n12Economic Community of WestAfrican States: economic sanctionson Liberia, 238; MonitoringGroup military blockade and porttakeover, 238; suggestion formonitoring trade along Liberianborders, 233Economics of Civil Wars, Crime,and Violence Project, 90 n12Economics of Conflict Project,90 n12Economic supervision: IMF’s attemptto audit the oil sector inAngola, 86–87, 254–55; andOil-for-Food Program, 254; andrearmament of belligerents, 253;relative effectiveness of, 255–56;resistance to, 252–53; and taxcollection and budgetaryallocations, 253–54; World Bankoversight of the Chad-CameroonPetroleum Development andPipeline project, 255Economist Intelligence Unit:country-level political risks, 310Ecopetrol: security concerns,293–94ECOWAS. See EconomicCommunity of West African StatesElectronics Components,Assemblies, and MaterialsAssociation: tantalum acquisitionrecommendations, 267Elf Aquitaine: and Chad-CameroonOil Development and PipelineProject, 345
380 indexEmbargoes: and black markets, 175;and civilian populations, 173;countries selling goods withinelastic markets, 173;description, 172; limitations oneffectiveness, 174; ongoingconflict as a prerequisite to UNauthorization of, 173; results of,173; sectoral, 174–76; strengtheningof the relative political andeconomic power of those violatingthem, 173; violations of sanctions,173. See also BoycottsEndangered species. See Conventionon International Trade inEndangered Species of Fauna andFlora; U.S. Exotic Wild BirdConservation ActEnforcement measures: aid conditionality,250–52; areas foradditional research, 277;certification instruments,243–50; challenges to effectiveenforcement, 219, 275–77;“conflict goods” definition, 216;“conflict resources” definition,216; “conflict timber” definition,216; corporate conductinstruments, 256–69; criteria fordeciding what is licit and what isnot, 221–22; difficulty ofeffective domestic enforcement inconflict-affected countries, 275;economic supervision, 252–56;effectiveness assessment, 276–77;elements constituting a comprehensiveframework, 224–29;enforcement of documentation ontangible versus intangible goods,164; existing instruments,229–75; focus of reforms, 216;goals, 221; institutional structureof, 220–29; international instruments,224–29; internationaltreaties, 223; judicial instruments,239–43; and lack of capacity andperverse incentives, 275; mainrationale for, 217; mandatoryinstrument advantages, 222–23;media role, 269–71; nationalinstruments, 223–24; need forreforms on natural resourcegovernance, 215–16;nongovernmental organizationrole, 269–71; percentage of thecost of enforcement actionscovered by fines in Brazil,157 n14; practical obstacles, 229;and problems of consensuscoordination, and commitment bystates and multilateral agencies,275–76; and profit-driven actors,275; and protection of private andpublic economic and strategicinterests by state apparatus, 275;regional instruments, 224;regulatory and enforcement gapsfor money laundering inDemocratic Republic of Congo,202; regulatory instruments, 222;relationship between resources andthe duration and impact of armedconflicts, 217–18; resources as anincentive for defections, 219; andthird-party peace mediation, 218;trade sanctions, 230–39;transboundary resource andenvironmental governanceinstruments, 271–75; and unevenjurisdiction problems, 276;United Kingdom’s memorandumof agreement with Indonesiaon forest law enforcementcooperation, 104, 180; voluntaryinstruments, 222, 223. See alsoCompliance and enforcementmeasures element of CTRs; UnitedNations Convention to CombatIllicit and Psychotropic DrugsEnron: scandal involving, 266,302–3Enterprise crime, 136–40Environmental impact assessments:and construction stage of
Page 1 and 2:
Public Disclosure AuthorizedOptions
Page 4 and 5:
Natural Resourcesand ViolentConflic
Page 6 and 7:
ContentsPrefaceContributorsAcronyms
Page 10 and 11:
PrefaceRECENT RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN B
Page 12:
prefacexiespecially Nicholas Stern,
Page 15 and 16:
xivcontributorsSylviane Guillaumont
Page 18 and 19:
Acronyms and AbbreviationsAUCCCAMLR
Page 20 and 21:
chapter 1Natural Resources andConfl
Page 22 and 23:
natural resources and conflict 3Fig
Page 24 and 25:
natural resources and conflict 5rig
Page 26 and 27:
natural resources and conflict 7War
Page 28 and 29:
natural resources and conflict 9pro
Page 30 and 31:
natural resources and conflict 11ag
Page 32 and 33:
natural resources and conflict 13ar
Page 34 and 35:
natural resources and conflict 15re
Page 36:
chapter 2The Natural Resource Curse
Page 39 and 40:
20 michael rossEconomic GrowthIt ma
Page 41 and 42:
22 michael ross12 of the 20 as “h
Page 43 and 44:
24 michael rossvolatile than the pr
Page 45 and 46:
26 michael rossby the military, giv
Page 47 and 48:
28 michael rosswars in regions that
Page 49 and 50:
30 michael rossIncrease Transparenc
Page 51 and 52:
32 michael ross• InSierra Leone i
Page 53 and 54:
34 michael rossgroups have also tur
Page 55 and 56:
36 michael rossgenerate extraordina
Page 57 and 58:
38 michael rossand arms to the Nati
Page 59 and 60:
40 michael rossHegre, Håvard. 2002
Page 61 and 62:
42 michael rossRelation to Sierra L
Page 63 and 64:
44 swanson, oldgard, and lundemeani
Page 65 and 66:
46 swanson, oldgard, and lunde(U.K.
Page 67 and 68:
48 swanson, oldgard, and lunderesou
Page 69 and 70:
50 swanson, oldgard, and lundeinfor
Page 71 and 72:
52 swanson, oldgard, and lundeon of
Page 73 and 74:
54 swanson, oldgard, and lundeFund
Page 75 and 76:
56 swanson, oldgard, and lundecompa
Page 77 and 78:
58 swanson, oldgard, and lundeSimil
Page 79 and 80:
60 swanson, oldgard, and lundeThe f
Page 81 and 82:
62 swanson, oldgard, and lundeorgan
Page 83 and 84:
64 swanson, oldgard, and lundeThere
Page 85 and 86:
66 swanson, oldgard, and lundenongo
Page 87 and 88:
68 swanson, oldgard, and lundefrom
Page 89 and 90:
70 swanson, oldgard, and lundenatur
Page 91 and 92:
72 swanson, oldgard, and lundeflows
Page 93 and 94:
74 swanson, oldgard, and lundeBox 3
Page 95 and 96:
76 swanson, oldgard, and lundepayme
Page 97 and 98:
78 swanson, oldgard, and lundePolic
Page 99 and 100:
80 swanson, oldgard, and lundeof pa
Page 101 and 102:
82 swanson, oldgard, and lundethe U
Page 103 and 104:
84 swanson, oldgard, and lundegover
Page 105 and 106:
86 swanson, oldgard, and lundeNever
Page 107 and 108:
88 swanson, oldgard, and lundeleast
Page 109 and 110:
90 swanson, oldgard, and lundecondi
Page 111 and 112:
92 swanson, oldgard, and lunde27. S
Page 113 and 114:
94 swanson, oldgard, and lunde—
Page 115 and 116:
96 swanson, oldgard, and lunde—
Page 117 and 118:
98 crossin, hayman, and taylorThere
Page 119 and 120:
100 crossin, hayman, and taylorTabl
Page 121 and 122:
102 crossin, hayman, and taylor•
Page 123 and 124:
104 crossin, hayman, and taylorThus
Page 125 and 126:
106 crossin, hayman, and taylorCTRs
Page 127 and 128:
108 crossin, hayman, and taylorIn e
Page 129 and 130:
110 crossin, hayman, and taylorto h
Page 131 and 132:
112 crossin, hayman, and taylorCert
Page 133 and 134:
114 crossin, hayman, and taylorof p
Page 135 and 136:
116 crossin, hayman, and taylorBox
Page 137 and 138:
118 crossin, hayman, and taylorA la
Page 139 and 140:
120Table 4.2 Forest Product Monitor
Page 141 and 142:
122Table 4.2 (continued)Technology
Page 143 and 144:
124 crossin, hayman, and taylorthat
Page 145 and 146:
126 crossin, hayman, and taylorprov
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
130 crossin, hayman, and taylorinte
Page 151 and 152:
132 crossin, hayman, and taylorThe
Page 153 and 154:
134 crossin, hayman, and taylorMixi
Page 155 and 156:
136 crossin, hayman, and taylorsmug
Page 157 and 158:
138 crossin, hayman, and taylorof t
Page 159 and 160:
140 crossin, hayman, and taylorlabe
Page 161 and 162:
142 crossin, hayman, and taylor33 m
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
146 crossin, hayman, and taylorcomm
Page 167 and 168:
148 crossin, hayman, and taylorto p
Page 169 and 170:
150 crossin, hayman, and taylorare
Page 171 and 172:
152 crossin, hayman, and taylordeve
Page 173 and 174:
154 crossin, hayman, and taylorinte
Page 175 and 176:
156 crossin, hayman, and tayloror p
Page 177 and 178:
158 crossin, hayman, and taylorthe
Page 180 and 181:
chapter 5Follow the Money: The Fina
Page 182 and 183:
follow the money 163existing standa
Page 184 and 185:
follow the money 165various institu
Page 186 and 187:
follow the money 167portion of the
Page 188 and 189:
follow the money 169funded their wa
Page 190 and 191:
follow the money 171• Use undergr
Page 192 and 193:
follow the money 173EmbargoesAn ong
Page 194 and 195:
follow the money 175violating secto
Page 196 and 197:
follow the money 177category. Howev
Page 198 and 199:
follow the money 179of weapons and
Page 200 and 201:
follow the money 181in June 2002 by
Page 202 and 203:
follow the money 183The resolution
Page 204 and 205:
follow the money 185• Enter into
Page 206 and 207:
follow the money 187to establish th
Page 208 and 209:
follow the money 189in general, not
Page 210 and 211:
follow the money 191Current capacit
Page 212 and 213:
follow the money 193laundering and
Page 214 and 215:
follow the money 195system and law
Page 216 and 217:
follow the money 197lawful purpose,
Page 218 and 219:
follow the money 199in criminal mat
Page 220 and 221:
follow the money 201Canada, Germany
Page 222 and 223:
follow the money 203means that the
Page 224 and 225:
follow the money 205the wholesale o
Page 226 and 227:
follow the money 207Prior to the Se
Page 228 and 229:
follow the money 2092. Current memb
Page 230 and 231:
follow the money 211of all firearms
Page 232 and 233:
follow the money 213“Four Compani
Page 234 and 235:
chapter 6Getting It Done: Instrumen
Page 236 and 237:
getting it done 217objective of end
Page 238 and 239:
getting it done 219Fourth, under ce
Page 240 and 241:
getting it done 221The proliferatio
Page 242 and 243:
getting it done 223Mandatory and vo
Page 244 and 245:
Table 6.1 Overview of International
Page 246 and 247:
227CertificationregimesKimberleyCer
Page 248 and 249:
getting it done 229instruments, and
Page 250 and 251:
getting it done 231recently been en
Page 252 and 253:
getting it done 233$500 million. 8
Page 254 and 255:
getting it done 235The argument tha
Page 256 and 257:
getting it done 237legislation and
Page 258 and 259:
getting it done 239Many observers a
Page 260 and 261:
getting it done 241International Le
Page 262 and 263:
getting it done 243panels could pro
Page 264 and 265:
getting it done 245international ro
Page 266 and 267:
getting it done 247scheme is now ir
Page 268 and 269:
getting it done 249of forest resour
Page 270 and 271:
getting it done 251standing and com
Page 272 and 273:
getting it done 253peace agreements
Page 274 and 275:
getting it done 2551997 and 2001 (
Page 276 and 277:
getting it done 257themselves with
Page 278 and 279:
getting it done 259Box 6.3 Mandator
Page 280 and 281:
getting it done 261agencies, and ci
Page 282 and 283:
getting it done 263enterprises coul
Page 284 and 285:
getting it done 265ethical investme
Page 286 and 287:
getting it done 267Advocacy groups
Page 288 and 289:
getting it done 269principles, with
Page 290 and 291:
getting it done 271more sexy than l
Page 292 and 293:
getting it done 273to focus the att
Page 294 and 295:
getting it done 275Given that it de
Page 296 and 297:
getting it done 277The assessments
Page 298 and 299:
getting it done 27925. See www.inte
Page 300 and 301:
getting it done 281ReferencesThe wo
Page 302 and 303:
getting it done 283Harden, Blain. 2
Page 304 and 305:
getting it done 285Africa: Assessin
Page 306 and 307:
chapter 7Attracting Reputable Compa
Page 308 and 309:
attracting reputable companies 289h
Page 310 and 311:
attracting reputable companies 291i
Page 312 and 313:
attracting reputable companies 293b
Page 314 and 315:
attracting reputable companies 295t
Page 316 and 317:
attracting reputable companies 297T
Page 318 and 319:
attracting reputable companies 299b
Page 320 and 321:
attracting reputable companies 301S
Page 322 and 323:
attracting reputable companies 303h
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
attracting reputable companies 307o
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
attracting reputable companies 315e
Page 336 and 337:
attracting reputable companies 317I
Page 338 and 339:
attracting reputable companies 319I
Page 340 and 341:
attracting reputable companies 321i
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
attracting reputable companies 325$
Page 346 and 347:
attracting reputable companies 327
Page 348 and 349: attracting reputable companies 329m
Page 350 and 351: attracting reputable companies 331t
Page 352 and 353: attracting reputable companies 333L
Page 354 and 355: attracting reputable companies 335a
Page 356 and 357: attracting reputable companies 337N
Page 358 and 359: attracting reputable companies 339I
Page 360 and 361: attracting reputable companies 341b
Page 362 and 363: attracting reputable companies 343s
Page 364 and 365: attracting reputable companies 345a
Page 366 and 367: attracting reputable companies 347G
Page 368 and 369: attracting reputable companies 349W
Page 370 and 371: attracting reputable companies 351A
Page 372 and 373: chapter 8Dampening Price ShocksPatr
Page 374 and 375: dampening price shocks 355in lower
Page 376 and 377: dampening price shocks 357the agree
Page 378 and 379: dampening price shocks 359common re
Page 380 and 381: dampening price shocks 361flexibili
Page 382 and 383: dampening price shocks 363create a
Page 384 and 385: dampening price shocks 365different
Page 386: dampening price shocks 367———
Page 389 and 390: 370 indexand Pakistan, 170; possibl
Page 391 and 392: 372 index“Dutch disease,” 82; r
Page 393 and 394: 374 indexeconomic rationale for, 34
Page 395 and 396: 376 indexor regional arrangements,
Page 397: 378 indexstandards and norms, 172,1
Page 401 and 402: 382 indexRUF-controlled areas in Si
Page 403 and 404: 384 indexForest Law Enforcement and
Page 405 and 406: 386 indexGreater Nile Petroleum Ope
Page 407 and 408: 388 indexInformation technology:
Page 409 and 410: 390 indexand reputation, 294-97; mi
Page 411 and 412: 392 indexLiberia audit its use of r
Page 413 and 414: 394 indexMorley Fund Management:inv
Page 415 and 416: 396 indexOffice of the High Commiss
Page 417 and 418: 398 indexPolicy recommendations for
Page 419 and 420: 400 indexnatural resource revenues,
Page 421 and 422: 402 indexSri Lanka: double agenda o
Page 423 and 424: 404 indexover-allocation of logging
Page 425 and 426: 406 index156-57 n7; pilot program t
Page 427 and 428: 408 indexWal-Mart: child labor rest
Page 429: Violent conflict can spell catastro
show all

Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?