Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

396 indexOffice of the High Commissioner forHuman Rights: and the UNGlobal Compact, 91 n26Offshore Group of BankSupervisors: creation of, 162Oil: booms of the 1970s andcorruption, 37 n7; British Navyblockade on the importation ofoil by Rhodesia, 231;concentrated market for, 192;embargoes on, 173; and high riskfor conflict, 5; promotion ofdownstream industries, 22.See also Oil industryOil and Conflict Project, 90 n12Oil-for-Food Program: and erosion ofeconomic sanctions on Iraq, 231;limited results of, 254Oil industry: assessing thecommercial viability of a newproject, 287; association withpoor governance and conflict, 288;attracting reputablecompanies to risky environments,287–347; Chad-Cameroonpipeline case history, 345–47;confidentiality agreements, 48–49;coordination of home-countryreporting rules for internationaloil companies, 79–81; GlobalWitness recommendations fordisclosure of revenue, 77; IMF’saudit of the oil sector in Angola,86–87, 254–55; investmentclimate, 290–91; joint venturepartnerships, 321–22; kidnaptargets, 6; military role in, 57;Myanmar case history, 340–44;and off-budget accounting, 55; oilban imposed by the oil-producingArab nations on trade with theUnited States, 230; payments tohost governments, 45; politicalrisks, 291–93; and Publish WhatYou Pay campaign, 180–81;resource revenue reporting byOECD countries, 55; revenuereporting, 46; review of socialissues relating to oil and gasprojects, 259–60; security oftenure concerns, 292–93; Sudancase history, 334–40; UNsanctions on, 231, 233OMV: activities in Sudan, 335, 339ONGC Videsh: and TalismanEnergy, 327, 335, 338, 340Open Society Institute: and CaspianRevenue Watch, 64Opium. See Illegal drugsOrchid-breeding industry: andUnited Nations Convention onInternational Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Fauna and Flora, 139Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development:consideration of antidrugpolicies, 14; Convention onBribery in Transnational BusinessTransactions, 80, 181, 182;Convention on CombatingBribery of Foreign Public Officialsin International BusinessTransactions, 211 n23, 305–6;coordination of mandatoryrevenue reporting, 80; Declarationon International Investment andMultinational Enterprises, 65;disclosure of payments to hostgovernments, 48; and facilitationpayments, 14; Forum on HarmfulTax Practices, 189; Guidelinesfor Dealing with HarmfulPreferential Regimes in MemberCountries, 189; initiative toidentify noncooperative countriesand territories involved in moneylaundering, 162; multinationalsthat violated ethical guidelineson coltan, 200; “naming andshaming” initiatives, 162, 189–90;and Northern government’spassage of anticorruptionlaws, 332; “OECD Best Practicesfor Budget Transparency,” 91 n15;