Natural Resources and Violent Conflict - WaterWiki.net

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IndexAction Contre la Faim: activities inSudan, 342Adams, Roger: comments on GlobalReporting Initiative, 264Afghanistan: and Al-Qaeda, 170,204; Taliban and NorthernAlliance financing, 31, 169,204–5; terrorism’s role insustained conflict, 170Africa: booty futures, 32–33; ForestLaw Enforcement and GovernanceMinisterial Process, 63; landrights issue, 318; minerals andpetroleum as the most substantialand readily accessible sources ofincome, 288; new petroleumexploration and development, 290;off-budget revenue reporting, 52;resource-related conflicts, 17, 19;security of tenure concerns ofbusinesses, 292. See also specificcountriesAfrican Trade Insurance Agency:coverage, 325–26; organizationscovering startup expenses, 325;purpose, 325; rationale for settingup, 325Agricultural sector: compensatoryfinancing, 358–59; export receiptsstabilization system (Stabex),358–59; guarantee funds, 364–65;insurance mechanisms, 363–65;and marketing boards, 357; andnegative effects of price shocks,354; option to sell a givenvolume of the harvest, 364; andstabilization funds, 357; taxes on,357, 363AIG Group: political riskinsurance, 323Algeria: and booty futures, 37 n16;corrupt government link to civilwar, 26; recent governanceproblems related to resourcerevenue, 90 n2All the Presidents’ Men, 50, 92 n35Alluvial gemstones: difficulty ofcontrolling, 253; ease ofmining for, 25; and KimberleyCertification Process Scheme,148. See also specific types ofgemstonesAl-Qaeda: and Afghanistan, 170,204–5; diamond smuggling,201 n9; and illegal drugtrafficking, 204–5; newspaperarticle alleging links betweendiamonds from RUF-controlledareas in Sierra Leone and theAl-Qaeda terrorist network, 270;369
370 indexand Pakistan, 170; possibleexploitation of tanzanite, 178Alrosa: percentage of the world’srough diamonds mined by,157 n17Amnesty International: activities inSudan, 337; public informationcampaigns, 269; and sanctions onbusinesses, 270; and Statoil’ssponsorship of judicial training inVenezuela on human rights issues,329–30; U.S.-U.K. VoluntaryPrinciples on Security and HumanRights participant, 348–49 n29Angola: AUPEC natural resourcetax consultancy review of oilrevenue reporting, 87; bootyfutures, 33, 34; conflict as adeterrent to major companies,301–2; conflict diamonds, 4;diamond certification scheme,158 n23; double agenda of peacetransition and rearmament, 253;and economic supervision, 254;government military campaignagainst UNITA, 218; IMF’sattempt to audit the oil sector,86–87, 254–55; KimberleyCertification Process Schemepilot certification project, 246;off-budget trust funds, 53; PopularMovement for the Liberation ofAngola, 217–18; relationship betweenrebel groups and organizedcrime, 168; resource revenuereporting case study, 86–88; andslack financial management,87–88; Staff MonitoringAgreement with the IMF, 86–87;Standard Deep Water Production-Sharing Agreement, 50–51; andUN economic sanctions, 236; useof resource extraction funds forgovernment operations, 166,209 n6. See also National Unionfor the Total Independence ofAngolaAnnan, UN Secretary General Kofi,67, 304Antarctic Treaty System, 140–41,157–58 n19Argentina: claims on portions ofAntarctica, 148 n19Armed forces. See Military forcesArms. See FirearmsAsia/Pacific Group on MoneyLaundering: and FATF standards,211 n27Attracting reputable companies torisky environments: balance ofpower between governmentsand companies, 314–15;Chad-Cameroon Pipeline casehistory, 344–47; companies’association with poor governanceand conflict, 288; companypolicies on risk, 298–309;controversy over Westerncompanies’ activities in resourcerichcountries, 288; anddevelopment of expertise in socialand conflict risk assessment, 331;diplomats’ assistance, 319; failureof countries’ rulers to distributeresource revenues equitably, 316;home governments’ imposition ofsanctions on the host country, 319;incentives for collective action,327–30; industry associations andchambers of commerce role, 333;insurance, 322–23; investmentclimate, 289–98; joint venturepartnerships, 321–22; and localcommunities, 317–18; managingthe investment cycle, 309–14;Myanmar case history, 340–44;personal versus national interests,315–16; policy recommendations,330–34; and political changes ofthe late 1980s and 1990s, 288;private political risk insurancemarket, 323; project finance, 322;promotion of transparency,332–33; and provincial and local
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Public Disclosure AuthorizedOptions
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Natural Resourcesand ViolentConflic
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ContentsPrefaceContributorsAcronyms
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PrefaceRECENT RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN B
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prefacexiespecially Nicholas Stern,
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xivcontributorsSylviane Guillaumont
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Acronyms and AbbreviationsAUCCCAMLR
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chapter 1Natural Resources andConfl
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natural resources and conflict 3Fig
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natural resources and conflict 5rig
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natural resources and conflict 7War
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natural resources and conflict 9pro
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natural resources and conflict 11ag
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natural resources and conflict 13ar
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natural resources and conflict 15re
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chapter 2The Natural Resource Curse
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20 michael rossEconomic GrowthIt ma
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22 michael ross12 of the 20 as “h
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24 michael rossvolatile than the pr
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26 michael rossby the military, giv
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28 michael rosswars in regions that
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30 michael rossIncrease Transparenc
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32 michael ross• InSierra Leone i
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34 michael rossgroups have also tur
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36 michael rossgenerate extraordina
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38 michael rossand arms to the Nati
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40 michael rossHegre, Håvard. 2002
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42 michael rossRelation to Sierra L
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44 swanson, oldgard, and lundemeani
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46 swanson, oldgard, and lunde(U.K.
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48 swanson, oldgard, and lunderesou
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54 swanson, oldgard, and lundeFund
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74 swanson, oldgard, and lundeBox 3
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86 swanson, oldgard, and lundeNever
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92 swanson, oldgard, and lunde27. S
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94 swanson, oldgard, and lunde—
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98 crossin, hayman, and taylorThere
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100 crossin, hayman, and taylorTabl
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102 crossin, hayman, and taylor•
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104 crossin, hayman, and taylorThus
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106 crossin, hayman, and taylorCTRs
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108 crossin, hayman, and taylorIn e
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110 crossin, hayman, and taylorto h
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112 crossin, hayman, and taylorCert
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116 crossin, hayman, and taylorBox
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118 crossin, hayman, and taylorA la
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120Table 4.2 Forest Product Monitor
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122Table 4.2 (continued)Technology
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126 crossin, hayman, and taylorprov
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132 crossin, hayman, and taylorThe
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134 crossin, hayman, and taylorMixi
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140 crossin, hayman, and taylorlabe
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chapter 5Follow the Money: The Fina
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follow the money 163existing standa
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follow the money 165various institu
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follow the money 167portion of the
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follow the money 169funded their wa
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follow the money 171• Use undergr
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follow the money 173EmbargoesAn ong
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follow the money 175violating secto
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follow the money 177category. Howev
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follow the money 179of weapons and
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follow the money 181in June 2002 by
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follow the money 183The resolution
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follow the money 185• Enter into
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follow the money 187to establish th
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follow the money 189in general, not
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follow the money 191Current capacit
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follow the money 193laundering and
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follow the money 195system and law
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follow the money 197lawful purpose,
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follow the money 199in criminal mat
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follow the money 201Canada, Germany
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follow the money 203means that the
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follow the money 205the wholesale o
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follow the money 207Prior to the Se
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follow the money 2092. Current memb
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follow the money 211of all firearms
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follow the money 213“Four Compani
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chapter 6Getting It Done: Instrumen
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getting it done 217objective of end
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getting it done 219Fourth, under ce
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getting it done 221The proliferatio
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getting it done 223Mandatory and vo
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Table 6.1 Overview of International
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227CertificationregimesKimberleyCer
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getting it done 229instruments, and
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getting it done 231recently been en
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getting it done 233$500 million. 8
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getting it done 235The argument tha
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getting it done 237legislation and
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getting it done 239Many observers a
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getting it done 241International Le
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getting it done 243panels could pro
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getting it done 245international ro
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getting it done 247scheme is now ir
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getting it done 249of forest resour
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getting it done 251standing and com
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getting it done 253peace agreements
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getting it done 2551997 and 2001 (
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getting it done 257themselves with
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getting it done 259Box 6.3 Mandator
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getting it done 261agencies, and ci
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getting it done 263enterprises coul
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getting it done 265ethical investme
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getting it done 267Advocacy groups
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getting it done 269principles, with
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getting it done 271more sexy than l
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getting it done 273to focus the att
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getting it done 275Given that it de
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getting it done 277The assessments
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getting it done 27925. See www.inte
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getting it done 281ReferencesThe wo
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getting it done 283Harden, Blain. 2
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getting it done 285Africa: Assessin
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chapter 7Attracting Reputable Compa
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attracting reputable companies 289h
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attracting reputable companies 291i
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attracting reputable companies 293b
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attracting reputable companies 295t
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attracting reputable companies 297T
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attracting reputable companies 299b
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attracting reputable companies 301S
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attracting reputable companies 303h
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attracting reputable companies 307o
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attracting reputable companies 313o
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attracting reputable companies 315e
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Page 372 and 373: chapter 8Dampening Price ShocksPatr
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Page 391 and 392: 372 index“Dutch disease,” 82; r
Page 393 and 394: 374 indexeconomic rationale for, 34
Page 395 and 396: 376 indexor regional arrangements,
Page 397 and 398: 378 indexstandards and norms, 172,1
Page 399 and 400: 380 indexEmbargoes: and black marke
Page 401 and 402: 382 indexRUF-controlled areas in Si
Page 403 and 404: 384 indexForest Law Enforcement and
Page 405 and 406: 386 indexGreater Nile Petroleum Ope
Page 407 and 408: 388 indexInformation technology:
Page 409 and 410: 390 indexand reputation, 294-97; mi
Page 411 and 412: 392 indexLiberia audit its use of r
Page 413 and 414: 394 indexMorley Fund Management:inv
Page 415 and 416: 396 indexOffice of the High Commiss
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Page 421 and 422: 402 indexSri Lanka: double agenda o
Page 423 and 424: 404 indexover-allocation of logging
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Page 427 and 428: 408 indexWal-Mart: child labor rest
Page 429: Violent conflict can spell catastro
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