Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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LIST OF FIGURES1.1 Creativity in today’s economy......................................................................................................................31.2 Interplay of the 5Cs: Outcomes of creativity + 4 kinds of capital ..................................................................41.3 UNCTAD classification of creative industries ................................................................................................82.1 Development dimension of the creative economy ......................................................................................373.1 Creative-industry value chain....................................................................................................................783.2 Simplified diagram of Porter’s model for clusters ......................................................................................803.3 Stages of a music production chain in sub-Saharan Africa ........................................................................934.1 Cultural cycle ..........................................................................................................................................974.2 The creative value chain ..........................................................................................................................984.3 UNESCO 2009 Framework for Cultural Statistics domains........................................................................1095.1 A summarized version of the online music value-chain ............................................................................1457.1 Global mobile telephone subscriptions by main country groupings, 2003-2008 ........................................1917.2 Global Internet users by main country groupings, 2003-2008 ..................................................................1917.3 Global fixed broadband subscribers ........................................................................................................1927.4 Global mobile broadband subscribers......................................................................................................1937.5 Exports of ICT goods by main region ......................................................................................................1937.6 Market size and growth of digital content sectors, 2007 ..........................................................................1978.1 Funding flows to the cultural sector ........................................................................................................2158.2 Model of monetary circuit applicable to the creative industries ................................................................2168.3 The creative nexus: The C-ITET model ....................................................................................................225LIST OF CHARTSContents5.1a Creative industries: Exports of creative goods, by economic group, 2008..................................................1275.1b Creative industries: Exports of creative services, by economic group 2008 ..............................................1275.2 Evolution of world exports of creative goods and services, 2002-2008 ....................................................1295.3a Exports of creative goods, by group, 2002 ..............................................................................................1295.3b Exports of creative goods, by group, 2008 ..............................................................................................1295.4a Share of economic groups in world exports of creative goods, 2002 ........................................................1305.4b Share of economic groups in world exports of creative goods, 2008 ........................................................1305.5a Imports of creative goods, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ....................................................1315.5b Imports of creative goods, by group, 2008 ..............................................................................................1315.6 Creative goods: Exports from all developing countries, 2002 and 2008 ....................................................1335.7a Creative goods: Top 10 trade surplus and deficit countries in 2002 ..........................................................1345.7b Creative goods: Top 10 trade surplus and deficit countries in 2008 ..........................................................1345.8 Creative industries: Exports of creative goods, by economic group and China, 2008..................................1375.9 Heritage goods: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008........................................................1405.10 Digital music revenues, 2004-2008........................................................................................................1445.11 Performing arts: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ......................................................1465.12 Visual arts: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ..............................................................149xii CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008............................................................1535.14 Publishing and printed media: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ..................................1555.15 Design: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008....................................................................1575.16 New media: Exports, by economic group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ............................................................1595.17 Creative services: Exports, by economic group, 2008 ..............................................................................1615.18a Creative services: Top 10 exporters of personal, cultural and recreational service amongdeveloped economies, 2008 ..................................................................................................................1625.18b Creative services: Top 10 exporters of personal, cultural and recreational service amongdeveloping economies, 2008 ..................................................................................................................1625.19 Royalties and licence fees: World exports and imports, 2002, 2005, and 2008 ........................................1635.20 Related goods: Evolution of world exports, 2002 and 2008......................................................................1646.1 Contribution of the creative industries to GDP..........................................................................................1806.2 Contribution of groups of copyright-based industries to total of creative industries ....................................181STATISTICAL ANNEXExplanatory Notes ..................................................................................................................................................282Methodological explanations of the measurement of creative economy ....................................................................282Example of Country Profile: Argentina and Turkey ....................................................................................................288Distribution of developing economies by geographic region and economic grouping ................................................296Distribution of developed economies and transition economies by geographic region ................................................299Distribution of economies by trade group ................................................................................................................300Part 1. Creative industries — Creative Goods1.1 Creative goods: World exports, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008................................3021.2.A Creative goods: Exports, by origin and product group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ..........................................3081.2.B Creative goods: Imports, by origin and product group, 2002, 2005 and 2008 ..........................................3121.3. Creative goods: Exports and imports, by trade group, 2002-2008 ............................................................3161.3.1 Creative goods: Exports, by trade group, as % of total exports of creative goods, 2002-2008....................3161.3.2 Creative goods: Imports, by trade group, as % of total imports of creative goods, 2002-2008 ..................317Part 2. Creative industries — Creative Services2.1.A Exports of all creative services, by country/territory, 2002-2008 ..............................................................3192.1.B Imports of all creative services, by country/territory, 2002-2008 ..............................................................3212.2.A Exports of advertising and related services, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008 ............3232.2.B Imports of advertising and related services, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008 ............3252.3.A Exports of architectural and related services, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008 ..........3272.3.B Imports of architectural and related services, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008 ..........3292.4.A Exports of research and development services, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008 ......3312.4.B Imports of research and development services, by economic group and country/territory, 2002-2008 ......333CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010Overviewxiii
Page 1 and 2: Файл загружен с http:/
Page 3 and 4: ContentsForeword...................
Page 5 and 6: 3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
Page 7 and 8: 7. Technology, connectivity and the
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
Page 11: 5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
Page 15 and 16: ForewordThe United Nations publishe
Page 17 and 18: AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
Page 19 and 20: Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
Page 23 and 24: Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
Page 25 and 26: IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
Page 27 and 28: GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
Page 29 and 30: The Creative Economy1PART
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
Page 34 and 35: 1Concept and context of the creativ
Page 40 and 41: 1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
Page 42 and 43: 1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Distribution of developing economie
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Distribution of developed economies
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Distribution of economies by trade
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TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
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TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
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TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
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TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
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TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
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CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
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EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
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IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
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EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
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IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
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EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
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IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
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EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
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IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
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EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
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IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
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EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
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IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
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Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
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TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
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TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
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TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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