Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

Table 1.5Contribution of the European cultural and creative sector to the European national economies1AustriaBelgiumCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaNetherlandsPolandPortugalSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenUnited KingdomBulgariaRomaniaNorwayIcelandTurnover, 2003(all sectors included)(€ million)14,60322,1743185,57710,11161210,67779,424126,0606,8754,0666,92284,3595087596732333,3726,2356,3582,4981,77161,33318,155132,6828842,20514,841212Value added to national GDP(all sectors included) (%)1.802.600.802.303.102.403.103.402.501.001.201.702.301.801.700.600.202.701.201.402.002.202.302.403.001.201.403.200.70Concept and context of the creative economyTotal European Union (25 countries)636,146Total 30 countries*654,288* The countries covered by the statistical analysis include the 25 Member States of the European Union plus the two countries that joined in January 2007 (Bulgaria and Romania)plus the three European Economic Area countries of Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.Source: Eurostat and AMADEUS/Data elaborated by Media Group.million people across the 27 EU member States. 51 The creativeeconomy became a priority and strategic sector for theEuropean 2020 Agenda.In the United Kingdom in 2007 the creative industriesaccounted for 6.2 per cent of the economy, measuredas value added; during the period 1997-2007 creative outputgrew at 5 per cent annually as compared to 3 per centgrowth for the rest of the UK economy, and its exports ofservices by the creative industries represented 4.5 per cent ofall goods and services exported. 52 Employment also grewsubstantially; total creative employment increased from 1.6million in 1997 to nearly 2 million in 2008, with an averagegrowth of 2 per cent compared to 1 per cent for thewhole of the economy. In 2008, there were an estimated157,400 business enterprises in the UK creative industries(DCMS, 2010). In Germany in 2008, total turnover of theculture and creative industries was estimated at €132billion, contributing €63 billion towards value added,representing 2.5 per cent of national turnover and of thegross domestic product (GDP). There are about 238,000enterprises in the sector, accounting for 7.4 per cent of allGerman enterprises, and about one million people workedin culture and creative industries, representing 3.3 per centof overall employment in the country. 53 In Spain, theevolution of cultural activities has been characterized bysustained growth; the sector contributed to €31 million tothe overall economy in 2007, which equates to an annual51 European Commission (2010).52 DCMS (2010).53 Ministry of Economics and Technology, Germany (2009).CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 201029