Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE3.1RELATED GOODS: WORLD EXPORTS AND IMPORTS,BY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008CONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (f.o.b., in millions of $)Growth rate (1)2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Statistical Annex Part 3Egypt - - - - - - 237 -Morocco 14 10 12 16 22 33 25 25.97Sudan - - - - - - 0 -Tunisia 74 87 107 108 75 84 128 2.42Developing economies: Southern Africa 1,675 3,591 5,641 5,677 6,120 5,844 6,200 8.68Namibia 422 175 711 751 955 769 851 27.09South Africa 1,253 3,416 4,930 4,926 5,165 5,076 5,349 7.03Developing economies: Western Africa 1 17 53 967 1,208 1,514 1,781 160.73Benin - - - - 0 - - -Burkina Faso 1 - 4 3 - - - -Cape Verde - - - - - 0 - -Côte d'Ivoire - 15 45 39 46 32 26 5.67Ghana - - - 863 1,141 1,473 1,736 -Guinea 0 - - 58 4 1 9 -Mali - - 1 1 0 1 1 -Niger - - 0 0 1 0 2 -Nigeria - - - - 0 2 3 -Senegal - 2 3 3 16 5523.99Sierra Leone - - - - - - - -Togo - - 0 0 - 0 - -Developing economies: America 18,180 17,707 21,098 22,801 24,353 23,334 24,486 5.85Developing economies: Caribbean - 10 26 81 82 45 38 27.03Aruba - - - 2 - - - -Bahamas - 1 1 0 4 1 1 56.95Barbados - - - 16 22 4 3 -Cuba - 9 19 47 14 - - -Dominica - - - - 0 0 0 -Dominican Republic - - - - 22 13 19 -Jamaica - - 3 1 1 3 1 -Montserrat - - 0 0 0 0 0 -Netherlands Antilles - - - 2 5 3 5 -Trinidad and Tobago - - 3 14 14 19 9 -Developing economies: Central America 15,261 14,763 18,056 17,541 18,234 17,873 18,759 3.51Belize - - - 0 0 0 0 -Costa Rica - 41 103 189 116 70 71 3.24El Salvador 5 6 9 9 10 13 21 23.77Guatemala 16 23 29 43 15 62 68 21.21Honduras - 1 2 6 7 15 - -Mexico 15,240 14,690 17,910 17,292 18,083 17,711 18,594 3.46Nicaragua - 1 2 1 1 1 1 -1.06Panama - 1 2 2 2 2 3 17.45Developing economies: South America 2,919 2,935 3,016 5,179 6,038 5,415 5,690 16.08Argentina 130 108 130 139 188 210 225 16.65Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 5 4 5 6 8 7 9 18.11Brazil 2,545 2,589 2,611 4,706 5,465 4,735 4,907 15.79Chile 29 30 33 39 40 56 57 14.55Colombia 178 166 187 211 249 301 369 17.31Ecuador 9 9 13 21 18 26 24 21.50Guyana - - - 6 7 13 4 -Paraguay - 1 1 1 5 3 3 28.94Peru 16 21 27 40 35 46 67 22.81Uruguay 6 7 8 9 15 19 13 19.90Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) - - - - 8 - 12 -Developing economies: Asia 114,817 163,937 228,855 274,935 304,036 352,497 365,862 16.72Developing economies: Eastern Asia 77,835 111,569 167,038 196,409 228,504 258,094 274,256 18.54China 35,823 60,966 93,913 125,947 159,025 186,201 196,231 26.15China, Hong Kong SAR 19,010 21,675 24,457 27,963 30,281 31,681 36,405 10.36China, Macao SAR 19 21 21 20 23 38 29 10.41China, Taiwan Province of - - 13,030 10,296 10,190 9,206 9,645 -Korea, Republic of 22,906 28,788 35,521 31,973 28,886 30,910 31,946 0.01Mongolia 76 119 96 210 100 57 - -Developing economies: Southern Asia 317 9,477 9,838 13,271 11,929 15,003 16,612 12.00Afghanistan - - - - - - 1 -Bangladesh 0 2 2 2 7 60 - -Bhutan - - - 9 - - 0 -India - 9,198 9,491 12,774 11,300 14,427 16,022 11.81Iran (Islamic Republic of) - 42 53 75 111 - - -Maldives - - 0 0 0 - - -Nepal - 1 - - - - - -Pakistan - 16 52 90 110 101 89 36.16Sri Lanka 317 218 240 322 401 415 500 18.76Developing economies:Southeastern Asia 35,971 41,974 50,774 56,834 61,769 70,262 63,386 9.32350CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
TABLE3.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in millions of $)Growth rate (1)2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Economic group andcountry/territory- - - - - - 871 - Egypt367 423 598 715 713 933 1,030 17.96 Morocco- - - - - 122 43 - Sudan242 348 395 374 423 421 443 4.44 Tunisia2,112 2,706 3,847 4,662 5,111 5,091 4,950 11.95 Developing economies: Southern Africa29 40 76 65 83 115 227 33.70 Namibia2,084 2,666 3,771 4,597 5,028 4,976 4,723 11.40 South Africa22 105 225 405 2,039 1,583 2,859 98.42 Developing economies: Western Africa- - - - 12 - - - Benin11 - 32 31 - - - - Burkina Faso- - - - - 20 27 - Cape Verde- 63 94 142 135 155 119 14.26 Côte d'Ivoire- - - 125 155 237 425 - Ghana11 - - 7 6 12 29 - Guinea- - 25 17 28 30 43 - Mali- - 9 14 15 16 18 - Niger- - - - 1,622 1,010 2,101 - Nigeria- 43 59 62 66 91 97 16.92 Senegal- - - - - - - - Sierra Leone- - 6 7 - 12 - - Togo13,499 15,206 20,030 23,407 31,316 31,604 35,070 18.15 Developing economies: America- 153 507 611 1,190 985 1,032 41.66 Developing economies: Caribbean- - - 48 - - - - Aruba- 28 32 42 49 51 43 11.38 Bahamas- - - 94 83 82 67 - Barbados- 126 170 127 132 - - - Cuba- - - - 8 9 6 - Dominica- - - - 493 513 553 - Dominican Republic- - 191 146 166 172 173 - Jamaica- - 1 1 1 1 1 - Montserrat- - - 34 43 39 58 - Netherlands Antilles- - 114 118 215 118 131 - Trinidad and Tobago9,261 10,035 12,226 13,013 15,648 15,801 16,493 10.32 Developing economies: Central America- - - 16 11 10 14 - Belize- 243 257 297 358 406 411 12.68 Costa Rica97 161 240 227 310 409 319 16.42 El Salvador288 281 416 445 535 635 601 16.23 Guatemala- 92 133 153 205 255 - - Honduras8,877 9,066 11,085 11,609 13,897 13,692 14,653 9.62 Mexico- 89 95 98 125 121 125 7.86 Nicaragua- 103 - 166 208 275 370 - Panama4,238 5,018 7,298 9,783 14,479 14,818 17,546 28.50 Developing economies: South America257 679 1,711 2,255 2,717 2,900 3,192 31.22 Argentina56 51 66 77 78 87 101 13.04 Bolivia (Plurinational State of)1,294 1,212 1,650 2,016 2,696 2,663 3,867 23.99 Brazil962 949 1,225 1,548 1,964 2,092 2,338 19.89 Chile794 982 1,153 1,875 2,108 1,986 2,138 17.48 Colombia356 441 591 810 666 707 834 10.60 Ecuador- - - 6 8 25 25 - Guyana- 101 204 324 858 999 1,321 70.25 Paraguay460 541 602 697 906 431 - - Peru60 61 97 175 201 217 357 38.45 Uruguay- - - - 2,277 2,711 3,373 - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)67,124 91,699 121,973 156,900 160,515 180,544 188,330 14.69 Developing economies: Asia44,731 53,339 70,034 80,891 90,993 92,942 100,112 12.48 Developing economies: Eastern Asia12,683 19,179 21,951 26,598 32,162 33,478 36,817 14.43 China25,563 27,169 31,999 36,735 40,118 41,085 44,329 9.84 China, Hong Kong SAR176 229 318 361 371 399 475 13.24 China, Macao SAR- - 7,782 7,947 7,869 8,005 8,230 - China, Taiwan Province of6,309 6,748 7,970 9,225 10,445 9,944 10,262 8.59 Korea, Republic of- 14 13 25 28 30 - - Mongolia423 12,544 17,863 26,059 24,851 27,824 26,674 15.54 Developing economies: Southern Asia- - - - - - 1 - Afghanistan142 197 318 630 870 704 - - Bangladesh- - - 8 - - 10 - Bhutan- 11,015 15,923 22,230 20,770 24,592 25,017 16.47 India- 579 665 1,044 364 - - - Iran (Islamic Republic of)- 18 23 35 38 46 64 27.40 Maldives- 39 - - - - - - Nepal- 346 523 1,636 2,202 1,930 937 30.00 Pakistan281 350 410 476 607 553 646 12.78 Sri LankaDeveloping economies:18,188 20,675 27,393 31,846 34,551 35,957 36,682 11.36 Southeastern AsiaStatistical Annex Part 3CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010351
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 369 and 370: IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 377: TABLE3.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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