Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE3.1RELATED GOODS: WORLD EXPORTS AND IMPORTS,BY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008Economic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (f.o.b., in millions of $)Growth rate (1)2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008WORLD 375,845 442,610 558,225 637,446 709,923 711,244 727,116 9.94Statistical Annex Part 35Developed economies 239,820 255,276 299,762 329,491 370,069 324,115 324,272 4.52Developing economies 134,982 185,605 256,206 305,502 336,889 384,238 399,588 15.84Transition economies 1,043 1,729 2,257 2,453 2,965 2,891 3,256 12.42Developed economies: America 35,846 37,226 44,092 48,819 53,355 57,622 63,467 10.70Canada 3,406 3,924 4,913 5,692 6,438 6,547 7,284 12.35Greenland 0 0 0 0 1 0 - -United States of America 32,439 33,302 39,179 43,126 46,916 51,075 56,183 10.50Developed economies: Asia 46,031 47,671 52,963 51,609 50,891 49,289 51,227 0.37Israel 10,847 12,087 14,730 16,791 16,966 18,757 20,366 10.03Japan 35,185 35,584 38,233 34,818 33,925 30,532 30,862 -3.96Developed economies: Europe 153,974 165,281 197,032 223,071 257,356 206,248 195,730 3.27European Union (EU) 150,487 161,571 192,327 217,568 251,922 201,049 189,435 3.12Austria 2,066 2,491 2,987 3,630 3,404 3,736 3,364 6.21Belgium 19,402 19,320 22,654 24,901 23,485 25,369 22,114 2.77Bulgaria 56 87 81 90 108 164 195 19.89Cyprus 6 78 330 141 14 35 11.68Czech Republic 2,612 2,943 3,866 4,400 6,214 9,002 11,279 31.56Denmark 3,008 2,464 2,510 3,781 2,868 2,484 2,018 -3.67Estonia 280 373 496 560 598 159 156 -19.81Finland 7,349 8,656 8,330 10,935 11,200 11,784 11,619 7.52France 10,886 11,099 13,589 13,143 16,866 9,225 9,079 -5.33Germany 27,604 30,585 41,491 44,052 44,363 39,363 33,464 0.86Greece 170 198 202 215 298 308 362 14.09Hungary 4,782 6,267 10,097 8,824 9,986 12,985 14,336 15.41Ireland 8,403 8,272 9,574 12,372 12,345 11,631 8,841 2.65Italy 8,235 9,070 10,801 11,349 12,082 11,860 11,858 4.93Latvia 13 31 47 66 83 156 185 43.66Lithuania 37 53 88 188 263 327 297 44.55Luxembourg 903 641 584 602 416 440 335 -11.97Malta 13 13 12 7 8 14 13 1.88Netherlands 14,707 19,829 24,037 24,132 25,263 28,267 23,121 3.78Poland 272 295 477 615 834 1,247 2,933 52.05Portugal 1,133 1,422 1,772 1,695 1,817 2,093 2,072 7.26Romania 85 183 203 215 219 213 1,151 30.60Slovakia 109 313 706 1,066 1,358 1,543 1,769 37.91Slovenia 58 74 94 122 157 195 316 31.84Spain 4,212 5,286 5,662 5,761 5,962 6,023 6,091 2.69Sweden 4,396 4,977 6,470 6,765 6,209 3,411 3,526 -10.11United Kingdom 29,689 26,622 25,417 37,752 65,373 19,037 18,907 -5.63Other European countries 3,487 3,710 4,705 5,503 5,434 5,199 6,294 8.73Andorra 4 11 30 24 14 - - -Faroes - - - - 0 0 0 -Iceland 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 40.36Norway 436 472 538 583 610 611 700 7.10Switzerland 3,046 3,227 4,134 4,894 4,806 4,584 5,590 9.07Developed economies: Oceania 3,969 5,098 5,675 5,992 8,468 10,957 13,848 23.25Australia 3,871 4,979 5,530 5,832 8,297 10,790 13,547 23.41New Zealand 98 119 144 160 170 167 301 15.91Developing economies: Africa 1,962 3,933 6,116 7,634 8,384 8,296 9,129 16.08Developing economies: Eastern Africa 195 227 301 864 956 817 739 29.36Burundi - - - - 0 0 0 -Ethiopia - - 71 45 65 36 81 -Kenya 19 25 14 21 20 84 51 28.91Madagascar 11 15 10 20 29 21 10 2.00Malawi - 0 1 0 1 1 1 60.45Mauritius 50 81 90 322 333 140 133 11.52Mayotte 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 16.54Mozambique 1 2 6 1 2 2 3 -2.27Rwanda - - 0 1 0 1 2 -Seychelles 0 - - - - - 0 -Uganda 60 21 51 80 166 146 116 42.54United Republic of Tanzania - - - 142 161 215 292 -Zambia 55 82 27 22 23 39 36 -8.27Zimbabwe - - 30 209 154 130 14 -Developing economies: Middle Africa - - 1 1 1 - - -Cameroon - - - 1 0 - - -Gabon - - 1 1 1 - - -Developing economies: Northern Africa 91 98 120 125 99 120 409 21.79Algeria 3 1 1 1 2 4 19 65.42348CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
TABLE3.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in millions of $)Growth rate (1)2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Economic group andcountry/territory399,738 464,050 574,898 650,448 700,896 717,956 738,569 9.15 WORLD313,406 349,354 421,776 454,449 486,522 479,397 482,958 6.10 Developed economies84,002 111,394 148,359 188,327 202,224 222,417 235,918 15.48 Developing economies2,330 3,302 4,764 7,672 12,150 16,141 19,692 45.18 Transition economies115,702 122,488 141,694 152,745 162,893 167,722 169,016 6.43 Developed economies: America9,906 10,514 12,103 13,361 14,911 15,852 16,805 9.78 Canada8 9 11 10 8 6 - - Greenland105,788 111,965 129,581 139,374 147,974 151,863 152,211 6.10 United States of America28,251 31,140 35,465 36,777 36,567 35,781 37,178 2.63 Developed economies: Asia8,614 9,128 10,951 11,548 11,069 12,283 11,651 4.45 Israel19,637 22,012 24,514 25,229 25,498 23,498 25,526 1.80 Japan163,112 187,321 234,217 253,675 272,056 259,476 257,956 5.81 Developed economies: Europe154,988 178,310 223,254 241,816 260,455 246,924 244,220 5.73 European Union (EU)3,315 4,259 4,968 5,620 5,000 5,128 5,336 3.21 Austria19,808 19,715 23,110 25,617 23,127 25,295 25,345 4.15 Belgium241 319 447 610 741 895 990 25.48 Bulgaria176 233 325 607 421 356 395 7.54 Cyprus2,413 2,820 3,481 3,162 4,277 5,717 6,879 19.55 Czech Republic3,760 3,668 4,463 5,774 5,259 4,517 4,156 1.63 Denmark255 454 367 427 482 490 438 2.33 Estonia1,749 2,080 2,577 3,742 3,835 3,879 5,545 19.22 Finland15,612 18,048 22,520 23,624 27,140 24,103 25,046 5.82 France28,610 31,258 41,058 47,162 49,985 43,615 41,910 4.99 Germany1,286 1,632 1,994 1,966 2,240 3,260 3,091 14.70 Greece2,264 3,180 4,080 3,975 3,994 5,480 5,207 10.06 Hungary4,270 4,225 4,394 5,054 5,399 4,828 4,675 2.47 Ireland9,700 11,801 15,872 16,091 15,829 15,164 14,956 2.99 Italy157 218 268 360 474 604 551 23.38 Latvia274 334 447 576 728 822 707 18.06 Lithuania835 799 852 934 852 765 681 -3.42 Luxembourg85 101 105 118 140 148 153 9.82 Malta15,490 19,992 26,355 25,788 26,778 28,666 25,586 4.45 Netherlands2,603 2,941 3,486 4,141 4,719 6,074 8,063 21.58 Poland1,680 2,033 2,538 2,377 2,440 2,707 2,971 6.23 Portugal614 864 1,222 1,630 1,847 2,313 2,927 26.19 Romania567 725 958 1,239 1,699 2,132 2,275 27.25 Slovakia379 428 571 531 605 690 846 12.43 Slovenia6,319 8,736 11,160 12,725 13,322 13,793 12,481 7.30 Spain3,871 4,853 6,249 6,749 6,997 6,588 6,571 5.01 Sweden28,653 32,595 39,388 41,218 52,124 38,896 36,438 2.18 United Kingdom8,124 9,011 10,964 11,859 11,602 12,553 13,736 7.38 Other European countries107 129 165 - - - - - Andorra20 21 23 23 30 32 31 9.76 Faroes114 152 192 231 223 259 172 4.25 Iceland1,743 2,114 2,786 2,803 3,008 3,346 3,340 8.66 Norway6,139 6,595 7,799 8,803 8,340 8,916 10,193 7.48 Switzerland6,342 8,405 10,399 11,253 15,006 16,419 18,809 17.64 Developed economies: Oceania5,554 7,364 9,117 9,782 13,604 14,847 17,201 18.82 Australia788 1,041 1,282 1,472 1,402 1,571 1,608 8.12 New Zealand3,345 4,392 6,199 7,874 10,245 10,126 12,377 21.85 Developing economies: Africa305 417 605 988 1,332 1,408 1,339 28.08 Developing economies: Eastern Africa- - - - 7 5 8 - Burundi- - 76 104 110 119 103 - Ethiopia88 90 103 100 172 311 324 34.15 Kenya11 32 37 41 48 67 90 22.52 Madagascar- 18 15 19 20 26 30 12.71 Malawi86 135 158 393 413 243 240 12.79 Mauritius6 9 8 12 15 18 9 7.96 Mayotte31 30 36 46 40 48 52 10.18 Mozambique- - 4 11 11 22 43 - Rwanda9 - - - - - 14 - Seychelles50 60 81 97 149 252 189 31.60 Uganda- - - 79 214 188 137 - United Republic of Tanzania24 43 30 51 79 63 67 14.94 Zambia- - 56 34 54 46 31 - Zimbabwe- - 21 90 105 - - - Developing economies: Middle Africa- - - 56 60 - - - Cameroon- - 21 35 45 - - - Gabon906 1,163 1,500 1,729 1,658 2,044 3,230 18.68 Developing economies: Northern Africa296 392 507 641 522 568 843 11.99 AlgeriaStatistical Annex Part 3CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010349
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 369 and 370: IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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