Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.4.BCONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar - 0 - 0 - - - -Malaysia - - - - - - - -Mali - - - - - - - -Mauritius - - - - - - - -Mexico - - - - - - - -Mongolia - - - - - - - -Morocco - - - - - - - -Mozambique 0 7 - 3 - - - -Myanmar - - - - - - - -Namibia - - - - - - - -New Caledonia - - - - - - - -Niger - - - - - - - -Occupied Palestinian territory - - - - - - - -Pakistan - - 2 12 2 1 3 -Panama - - - - - - - -Papua New Guinea - - - - - - - -Paraguay - - - - - - - -Peru - - - - - - - -Philippines - - - - 8 17 13 -Republic of Moldova - - - - - - - -Rwanda - - - - - - - -Samoa - - - - - - - -Senegal - - - - 0 0 - -Sierra Leone - - - - 1 0 0 -Singapore - - - - - - - -Solomon Islands - - - - - - - -South Africa - - - - - - - -Sudan - - - - - - - -Swaziland - 0 1 2 0 0 - -Syrian Arab Republic - - - - - - - -Togo - - - - - - - -Tonga - - - - - - - -Tunisia - - - - - - - -Turkey - - - - - - - -United Republic of Tanzania - - - - - - - -Uruguay - - - - - - - -Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 5 5 7 6 8 - - -ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 695 201 213 301 319 355 538 -Albania - - - - - - 10 -Armenia - - - - - - - -Azerbaijan - - - - 0 1 0 -Belarus 3 3 3 5 - 3 5 -Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - 0 0 0 -Croatia 40 32 45 92 63 74 74 16.50Georgia - - - - - 0 0 -Kazakhstan 0 3 3 9 8 8 17 40.61Kyrgyzstan - - - - - - - -Montenegro - - - - - - - -Russian Federation 156 101 102 112 135 103 103 0.82Serbia - - - - - - 58 -Tajikistan - - - - - - - -The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 4 15 13 8 10 16 11 -2.64Ukraine 492 47 47 74 104 150 261 42.49SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2334CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONALSERVICES BY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY,2002-2008TABLE2.5.AEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 21,927 24,843 29,339 29,538 35,001 39,146 40,821 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 17,616 20,817 24,263 24,430 30,004 33,621 34,168 -Australia 419 469 421 438 502 510 671 7.42Austria 137 177 219 236 251 274 301 10.14Belgium 289 368 454 518 558 484 589 7.75Bermuda - - - - - 2 1 -Bulgaria 31 37 42 39 56 83 77 18.78Canada 1,271 1,414 1,838 2,070 2,287 2,248 2,338 9.64Cyprus 15 10 25 41 53 77 55 42.20Czech Republic 165 111 199 90 116 190 122 1.75Estonia 1 2 3 5 8 12 17 53.62Faroes 1 1 - - - - - -Finland 12 30 16 13 24 19 12 -9.16France 1,524 1,864 2,298 2,158 1,743 1,963 2,240 0.67Germany 534 1,007 978 1,175 942 1,147 1,065 1.54Greece 194 332 966 166 154 219 222 -17.05Hungary 527 845 1,167 1,272 1,066 1,360 999 3.24Iceland 5 4 9 16 12 9 12 18.28Ireland 320 400 - 413 - - - -Italy 720 720 745 759 945 1,168 1,225 12.82Japan 315 140 72 97 140 156 155 9.44Latvia 1 4 3 5 6 9 12 32.27Lithuania 20 18 9 10 16 16 18 5.77Luxembourg 161 162 189 239 331 626 902 42.95Malta 45 73 161 362 552 661 735 58.98Netherlands 538 618 771 902 717 671 745 0.83New Zealand 111 152 220 173 158 215 196 3.27Norway 175 210 185 351 422 466 560 25.17Poland 61 58 91 94 148 193 207 29.58Portugal 115 134 191 204 254 260 298 15.85Romania 98 118 214 92 83 105 77 -11.74Slovakia 67 69 121 123 148 331 100 15.40Slovenia 15 21 30 28 38 38 27 6.95Spain 671 814 966 1,073 1,243 1,598 1,756 17.01Sweden 112 208 178 222 271 329 613 23.71Switzerland 4 4 4 5 3 2 4 -5.89United Kingdom 2,410 3,086 3,928 4,082 3,932 3,759 4,220 4.07United States of America 6,534 7,137 7,549 6,958 12,823 14,422 13,598 17.95DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 4,197 3,843 4,835 4,831 4,544 4,854 5,639 -Angola 1 1 3 5 6 9 13 59.36Argentina 95 122 153 203 258 314 463 29.55Bangladesh 0 4 1 1 3 1 1 -8.97Barbados 1 1 - 0 0 1 - -Benin 0 - 0 - - 0 - -Bolivia 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3.57Botswana - - - - - - - -Brazil 58 54 47 56 81 73 86 12.52Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 13.50Cameroon 2 11 17 18 13 14 23 8.62Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 60.53Chile 39 68 58 69 78 84 111 11.15China 30 33 41 134 137 316 418 71.03China, Hong Kong SAR 112 137 290 270 280 272 265 9.36China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia 27 31 39 41 46 38 45 5.53Congo 21 9 11 - - - - -Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.22Côte d'Ivoire - 0 - 0 - - - -Ecuador 32 34 36 39 41 44 47 6.67Egypt 54 72 69 83 116 92 74 3.89El Salvador 0 - 0 - - - - -Ethiopia 3 1 0 - 0 0 0 -Fiji 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 54.00French Polynesia 16 8 5 4 4 9 18 18.33Guatemala 0 1 1 0 - - - -Guinea 0 - - - - 1 2 -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - - - - - - -Honduras - 0 0 0 0 0 12 210.72India - - 46 111 306 509 707 -Indonesia - - 47 57 74 55 77 -Iraq - - - - - 1 - -Jamaica 9 20 28 30 31 29 39 9.92Kenya 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 61.11Korea, Republic of 185 76 128 268 369 448 527 48.11Lebanon 0 - - 0 - - - -Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010335
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
Page 311 and 312: Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
Page 313 and 314: Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
Page 315 and 316: Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
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Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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