Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

5International trade in creative goods and services: Global trends and featuresTable 5.23Economic group and regionNew media: Exports, by economic groupand region, 2002 and 2008World 17,365 27,754 60Developed economies 11,422 13,248 16Europe 6,856 8,727 27United States of America 3,028 3,786 25Japan 1,206 345 -71Canada 184 212 15Developing economies 5,908 14,423 144Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 5,060 12,817 153China 2,378 8,377 252Western Asia 7 39 500Latin America and Caribbean 826 1,510 83Africa 15 9 -36LDCs 8 11 37SIDS 1 1 63Transition economies 36 82 128Source: UNCTAD, based on official data in UN COMTRADE databaseTable 5.24RankValue (inmillions of $)New media: Top 10 exporters amongdeveloped economies, 2008Change(%)2002 2008 2002-20081 United States 3,786 13.64 5.432 Germany 3,640 13.11 13.153 Netherlands 1,889 6.81 -1.684 Austria 908 3.27 16.455 United Kingdom 686 2.47 -8.456 Japan 345 1.24 2.407 Czech Republic 325 1.17 39.438 Canada 212 0.76 -1.419 Spain 197 0.71 -6.4010 Denmark 182 0.66 16.70Source: UNCTAD, based on official data in UN COMTRADE databaseTable 5.25RankExporterExporterValue (inmillions of $)Marketshare (%)2008 2008New media: Top 10 exporters amongdeveloping economies, 2008Value (inmillions of $)Marketshare (%)2008 2008Growthrate (%)2003-20081 China 8,377 30.18 25.642 China, Hong Kong SAR 3,773 13.59 29.703 Mexico 1,496 5.39 99.094 Singapore 368 1.33 -31.595 China, Taiwan Province of 193 0.70 22.136 India 47 0.17 -7.857 China, Macao SAR 40 0.15 184.518 United Arab Emirates 37 0.13 -11.119 Malaysia 31 0.11 20.8010 Korea, Republic of 26 0.09 -37.10Source: UNCTAD, based on official data in UN COMTRADE databaseGrowthrate (%)2003-2008very small participation in world trade,accounting for less than 1 per cent of totalexports of new-media goods. It should bepointed out, however, that this dark picture isprobably further aggravated by the lack of datafrom these developing regions (table 5.25).5.6.8 Creative ServicesFeaturesThe global economic crisis had seriousimplications for the service sectors. Servicesare a key component in the dynamics of thecreative economy, playing a growing role in allcreative industries sectors. Certain servicesregarded as necessities, such telecommunicationsand energy services, were less affected;however, income-sensitive sectors like tourismand cultural and recreational services have sufferedfrom the global economic downturn.Developing countries are recovering faster,although there are significant inter-countrydifferences.World services exports from 2000 to 2008grew at an average annual rate of 13.5 per cent,reaching $3.9 trillion. Creative services are growingfaster than more conventional sectors, andexports of creative services tripled in value from$62 billion in 2002 to $185 billion in 2008.The sectors with greatest dynamism were architectureand advertising services, while culturaland recreational services and audiovisuals grewby an annual rate of 10 per cent during this period.Meanwhile, South-South trade of creativeservices grew from 7.8 billion to $21 billion.To facilitate analysis of certain demanddrivenfunctional creations, UNCTAD introducedinto its definition of creative industriesthe subgroup of “functional creative services”,which covers services that intersect with morethan one subgroup; advertising is a case inpoint. The inclusion of creative-orientedresearch and development services is another.These services fit into the broader scope of thecreative economy and are closely associated withscientific creations and technological innova-160 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010