Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE3.2.BRELATED INDUSTRIES: IMPORTS, BY ORIGIN AND PRODUCTGROUP, 2002, 2005 AND 2008OriginDeveloped economies (1)EuropeProduct group Year World Total Total EU-27 CanadaUnitedStatesJapanTransitionEconomies(in millions of $)Statistical Annex Part 3All Related Industries 2002 399,738 313,406 163,112 154,988 9,906 105,788 19,637 2,3302005 650,448 454,449 253,675 241,816 13,361 139,374 25,229 7,6722008 738,569 482,958 257,956 244,220 16,805 152,211 25,526 19,692Audiovisuals 2002 136,363 100,124 51,680 49,577 3,538 38,048 4,050 1,0972005 243,573 164,693 96,935 93,214 4,730 52,945 5,296 4,0832008 269,455 171,999 92,271 88,490 6,448 60,874 7,014 9,750E-Broadcasting 2002 109,362 80,503 42,187 40,480 2,691 31,105 2,278 9632005 212,517 146,608 87,478 84,112 3,917 47,227 3,753 3,8132008 229,834 148,864 78,617 75,408 5,005 55,265 5,363 9,190Film 2002 669 455 230 215 31 162 18 52005 946 596 313 290 43 196 19 92008 958 593 386 355 40 118 17 26Sound Production 2002 26,332 19,166 9,263 8,882 817 6,780 1,754 130200530,111 17,489 9,1458,812 770 5,522 1,523 2622008 38,664 22,543 13,267 12,727 1,403 5,491 1,633 534Design 2002 69,225 56,877 28,692 26,394 535 16,718 2,424 2492005 124,081 77,278 38,466 34,967 833 23,162 3,002 1,0712008 164,045 96,207 46,886 41,750 1,408 26,823 3,352 2,831Architecture 2002 11,032 9,520 4,805 4,507 214 3,261 824 202200517,826 14,244 7,1656,691 326 5,309 948 6202008 22,892 16,499 9,718 9,106 454 4,707 959 1,564Fashion 2002 313 258 147 137 9 55 41 32005 490 381 219 204 13 79 61 72008 758 590 359 338 26 120 69 21Interior 2002 437 322 237 230 33 37 4 172005 569 349 262 256 35 35 4 432008 730 413 338 330 22 26 5 75Jewellery 2002 57,442 46,777 23,502 21,520 278 13,366 1,554 272005 105,198 62,304 30,821 27,816 460 17,739 1,989 4022008 139,666 78,70536,471 31,977 906 21,969 2,319 1,172New Media 2002 158,320 130,987 67,412 64,419 4,618 44,499 11,744 6772005 236,768 181,281 98,158 94,341 6,290 56,278 15,592 1,9092008 258,605 183,605 97,996 94,016 7,637 58,143 13,858 5,833Computer Equipment 2002 158,320 130,987 67,412 64,419 4,618 44,499 11,744 6772005 236,768 181,281 98,158 94,341 6,290 56,278 15,592 1,9092008 258,605 183,605 97,996 94,016 7,637 58,143 13,858 5,833Performing Arts 2002 4,345 3,632 1,421 1,319 152 1,573 383 212005 5,972 4,883 2,167 2,024 243 1,848 462 542008 7,537 5,856 2,988 2,802 294 1,786 548 175Celebration 2002 392 296 132 121 3 130 21 42005 624 443 217 202 26 174 12 182008 844 560 229 215 30 209 37 39Musical Instruments 2002 3,954 3,336 1,290 1,198 149 1,443 362 172005 5,349 4,440 1,950 1,822 217 1,674 451 362008 6,693 5,296 2,760 2,587 264 1,577 511 137Publishing 2002 9,556 7,194 5,126 4,890 280 1,293 229 1402005 14,538 10,854 7,943 7,629 354 1,737 318 3242008 15,118 10,639 8,097 7,798 327 1,501 195 730Books 2002 37 26 20 19 1 3 0 02005 58 36 29 28 1 3 0 12008 83 41 36 34 1 2 0 1Other Printed Matter 2002 9,519 7,168 5,106 4,871 278 1,290 229 140200514,480 10,818 7,914 7,601 352 1,734 318 3242008 15,035 10,598 8,061 7,763 326 1,499 195 729Visual Arts 2002 21,929 14,592 8,781 8,389 783 3,657 806 1462005 25,516 15,461 10,006 9,641 911 3,404 559 2302008 23,809 14,652 9,718 9,364 692 3,084 560 372Paintings 2002 2,3251,945 825 768 112 858 97 182005 3,133 2,561 1,218 1,145 158 999 114 332008 3,900 3,092 1,535 1,456 192 1,130 139 77Photography 2002 19,604 12,647 7,956 7,620 671 2,799 709 129200522,383 12,900 8,788 8,496 753 2,406 445 1972008 19,909 11,560 8,183 7,908 500 1,954 421 295356CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)Eastern, SouthernTotal Africa America Totaland SoutheasternAsia ChinaWesternAsia Oceania LDCs SIDSAsia(in millions of $)YearOriginProduct group84,002 3,345 13,499 67,124 63,342 12,683 3,781 34 280 129 2002 All Related Industries188,327 7,874 23,407 156,900 138,796 26,598 18,104 147 1,262 862 2005235,918 12,377 35,070 188,330 163,468 36,817 24,862 140 1,158 765 200835,142 1,533 5,869 27,724 26,092 4,408 1,631 17 149 44 2002 Audiovisuals74,797 3,928 11,327 59,482 51,048 6,695 8,434 60 820 544 200587,706 6,492 18,799 62,369 54,608 8,834 7,760 46 531 351 200827,897 1,373 4,336 22,176 20,834 3,572 1,341 12 137 34 2002 E-Broadcasting62,096 3,664 9,670 48,713 40,753 4,595 7,960 49 785 511 200571,781 6,013 16,458 49,272 42,055 5,796 7,217 38 471 311 2008209 8 45 156 130 16 26 0 1 1 2002 Film341 11 102 228 187 14 41 0 2 2 2005339 28 71 240 199 32 40 0 4 4 20087,037 152 1,488 5,392 5,128 820 264 512 10 2002 Sound Production12,360 253 1,555 10,541 10,108 2,087 433 11 34 31 200515,586 451 2,270 12,857 12,354 3,006 503 8 57 36 200812,098 660 495 10,940 9,858 1,210 1,082 3 24 52 2002 Design45,732 1,453 1,080 43,177 37,141 2,400 6,036 22 105 149 200565,008 2,021 1,809 61,157 48,402 4,147 12,755 21 246 199 20081,310 149 261 898 559 32 339 3 23 21 2002 Architecture2,961 392 595 1,956 1,076 37 879 19 99 92 20054,829 886 1,274 2,653 1,618 751,035 17 230 146 200852 2 11 39 36 5 3 0 0 0 2002 Fashion102 6 21 74 65 8 9 0 3 1 2005148 15 30 102 82 14 20 0 2 1 200898 6 26 66 55 20 11 0 1 0 2002 Interior177 19 33 124 102 32 22 1 1 1 2005242 30 29 183 158 46 25 0 1 1 200810,637 503 197 9,937 9,207 1,153 729 0 0 30 2002 Jewellery42,492 1,036 431 41,022 35,898 2,323 5,125 2 3 54 200559,789 1,090 476 58,219 46,544 4,012 11,675 4 13 50 200826,656 813 5,113 20,727 20,095 5,327 632 3 55 14 2002 New Media53,578 1,873 8,564 43,091 40,419 15,390 2,671 50 239 121 200569,166 2,965 11,627 54,512 51,160 21,313 3,351 62 294 158 200826,656 813 5,113 20,727 20,095 5,327 632 3 55 14 2002 Computer Equipment53,578 1,873 8,564 43,091 40,419 15,390 2,671 50 239 121 200569,166 2,965 11,627 54,512 51,160 21,313 3,351 62 294 158 2008691 15 162 514 487 108 27 1 1 2 2002 Performing Arts1,035 36 229 768 683 151 84 2 5 6 20051,506 68 362 1,073 912 238 161 2 7 8 200891 3 38 50 44 3 6 0 0 0 2002 Celebration163 3 56 103 73 23 30 0 1 0 2005245 12 66 166 89 40 77 1 1 1 2008600 12 123 464 443 105 21 1 1 2 2002 Musical Instruments873 33 173 665 610 128 55 2 4 6 20051,261 55 297 907 823 198 84 2 6 7 20082,222 112 530 1,577 1,435 494 141 3 15 5 2002 Publishing3,360 265 796 2,294 1,972 580 322 5 40 15 20053,749 360 1,137 2,248 1,944 516 305 4 36 17 200811 1 1 9 8 4 1 0 0 0 2002 Books22 2 1 19 15 4 4 0 0 0 200542 8 3 31 29 14 2 0 0 0 20082,211 111 529 1,568 1,428 491 141 3 14 52002 Other Printed Matter3,338 263 795 2,275 1,957 576 318 5 40 1520053,707 352 1,134 2,217 1,914 502 303 4 3517 20087,191 213 1,329 5,643 5,375 1,135 268 7 35 13 2002 Visual Arts9,825 319 1,410 8,089 7,532 1,380 556 8 52 27 20058,784 472 1,337 6,971 6,442 1,769 530 5 44 32 2008363 22 93 247 210 16 37 1 12 2 2002 Paintings539 59 147 331 255 25 75 2 7 7 2005731 125225 378 298 28 80 2 11 9 20086,829 191 1,236 5,395 5,164 1,118 231 6 23 11 2002 Photography9,286 260 1,263 7,758 7,277 1,356 481 5 4520 20058,054 346 1,111 6,593 6,144 1,741 450 3 33 23 2008SOURCE: UNCTAD secretariat calculations based on United Nations Comtrade database data.NOTES: (1) Developed economies, including Bulgaria and Romania.(2) Excluding Bulgaria and Romania, which are included in the European Union (EU-27).Statistical Annex Part 3CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010357
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
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Distribution of developing economie
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Distribution of developed economies
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Distribution of economies by trade
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TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
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Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 369 and 370: IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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