Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.5.2.ACONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar 0 - - - - - - -Malaysia 1,566 1,835 1,670 1,562 863 832 872 -16.72Mali - 0 0 0 0 1 - -Mauritius 4 5 3 2 2 3 5 -1.08Mexico - - - - - - - -Mongolia - 0 1 0 - - - -Morocco - - - - - - 3 -Mozambique - 0 0 0 2 0 1 65.21Myanmar 0 0 - - - - - -Namibia - - - - - - - -New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 4 1 3 107.92Niger - - - - - - - -Occupied Palestinian territory 1 3 1 5 0 - - -Pakistan - - 0 - 1 1 1 -Panama - - - - - - - -Papua New Guinea - - 0 0 - - - -Paraguay - - - - - - - -Peru - - - - - - 4 -Philippines 1 - - 1 3 7 13 -Republic of Moldova - - - - - - - -Rwanda - - - - - 0 - -Samoa - - 0 1 2 4 - -Senegal - 0 - 0 0 1 - -Sierra Leone - - - - - - - -Singapore - - - - - - - -Solomon Islands 0 1 1 1 2 - - -South Africa - - - - - - - -Sudan - 0 - - 0 5 0 -Swaziland - 0 0 0 0 0 - -Syrian Arab Republic - - 62 85 92 30 - -Togo - - - - - - - -Tonga - - - - - 0 - -Tunisia 3 5 10 4 3 3 6 -9.03Turkey 1,355 781 1,418 1,079 998 971 1,224 2.99United Republic of Tanzania 1 1 0 1 0 1 10 62.43Uruguay 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 -14.41Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 -ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 74 108 122 120 161 223 492 -Albania 2 4 8 18 20 6 12 12.97Armenia 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 26.35Azerbaijan - 2 3 3 3 3 4 8.59Belarus 2 2 1 1 5 8 10 61.11Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - -Croatia 20 24 24 21 32 46 105 32.17Georgia - - 2 3 5 8 6 -Kazakhstan - - - 0 - 0 0 -Kyrgyzstan 2 6 9 7 10 45 69 67.25Montenegro - - - - - - - -Russian Federation 46 66 71 61 78 94 128 13.46Serbia - - - - - - 143 -Tajikistan - - - - - - - -The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2 3 4 4 5 9 11 33.52Ukraine - - - - - - - -SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2344CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL ANDRECREATIONAL SERVICES BY ECONOMIC GROUP ANDCOUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008TABLE2.5.2.BEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 6,560 6,782 6,765 7,341 8,526 9,556 9,997 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 3,096 3,258 3,844 4,067 5,396 5,581 6,298 -Australia 104 130 170 183 147 136 157 0.20Austria - - - - 607 - - -Belgium 48 49 51 72 94 23 37 -9.51Bermuda - - - - 0 0 0 -Bulgaria 10 17 7 7 8 17 9 -0.58Canada 118 138 155 170 183 194 209 8.37Cyprus 10 14 35 40 48 65 62 30.47Czech Republic 152 131 89 42 63 67 92 -6.04Estonia - 2 2 4 6 7 10 46.55Faroes - - - - - - - -Finland 6 17 21 11 17 47 61 29.37France 463 576 820 981 1,094 1,387 1,585 21.24Germany - - - - - - - -Greece 119 110 132 125 160 244 292 21.98Hungary 30 32 38 48 53 83 88 23.59Iceland - - - - - - - -Ireland - - - - - - - -Italy 348 339 422 370 464 631 647 14.25Japan 358 198 220 212 318 275 282 8.39Latvia 2 2 4 4 6 12 19 47.48Lithuania 3 1 1 2 2 2 5 42.59Luxembourg - - - - - - - -Malta 1 1 4 6 9 13 16 79.52Netherlands 373 - - 183 125 145 189 -New Zealand - - - - - - - -Norway 65 96 112 173 210 269 369 31.43Poland 29 28 62 61 78 98 155 33.74Portugal 125 142 212 224 299 346 377 20.89Romania 66 76 103 20 24 43 72 -7.50Slovakia 16 92 102 85 111 128 127 7.56Slovenia 21 26 34 38 51 63 20 3.00Spain 393 468 634 607 765 1,033 1,123 18.95Sweden 23 28 33 30 52 - - -Switzerland - - - - - - - -United Kingdom 214 545 381 369 400 254 297 -11.24United States of America - - - - - - - -DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 3,411 3,441 2,783 3,041 2,871 3,729 3,305 -Angola - - 28 45 65 99 121 -Argentina 2 - 0 0 - 3 4 -Bangladesh 0 0 0 - 0 0 - -Barbados - 0 1 0 - - - -Benin - - 0 - - - - -Bolivia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 23.20Botswana - - - - - - - -Brazil 94 86 109 137 146 195 281 24.64Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 10.05Cameroon - - - - - - - -Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.55Chile - - - - - - - -China - - - - - - - -China, Hong Kong SAR - - - - - - - -China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia 1 1 1 3 5 4 3 47.81Congo 5 3 4 - - - - -Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.76Côte d'Ivoire - - - - - - - -Ecuador - - - - - - - -Egypt 14 15 15 22 39 29 80 36.34El Salvador 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 -1.03Ethiopia - - - - - - - -Fiji 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.70French Polynesia 5 5 6 6 6 6 10 11.98Guatemala 5 0 - 0 - - - -Guinea 0 - - - - - - -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - - - - - - -Honduras 9 4 5 6 6 8 10 20.27India - - 61 105 104 169 296 -Indonesia - - - - - - - -Iraq - - - 151 118 27 - -Jamaica 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 -28.98Kenya 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 -19.09Korea, Republic of 160 171 224 318 441 548 546 28.62Lebanon 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010345
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Country Profile: Argentina (continu
Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 369 and 370: IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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