Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

Explanatory notes (continued)■■■■Advertising and market research and public opinion polling services (Advertising): “Advertising and market research services transacted betweenresidents and non-residents cover the design, creation and marketing of advertisements by advertising agencies; media placement, including thepurchase and sale of advertising space; exhibition services provided by trade fairs; the promotion of products abroad; market research; and publicopinion polling abroad on various issues.”Architectural, engineering and other technical services (Architectural): “Architectural, engineering and other technical services cover resident andnon-resident transactions related to architectural design of urban and other development projects; planning and project design and supervisionof dams, bridges, airports, turnkey projects, etc.; surveying, cartography, product testing and certification, and technical inspection services.”Research and development services (R&D): “Research and development services cover those services that are transacted between residents andnon-residents and associated with basic research, applied research, and experimental development of new products and processes. In principle,such activities in the sciences, social sciences and humanities are covered; included is the development of operating systems that representtechnological advances.”Personal, cultural, and recreational services (Personal recreation): “Personal, cultural, and recreational services involving transactions between residentsand non-residents are subdivided into two categories:”(a) Audiovisual and related services (Audiovisual). “The first category comprises services and associated fees related to the production ofmotion pictures (on film or video tape), radio and television programs (live or on tape), and musical recordings. Included are receipts orpayments for rentals; fees received by resident actors, directors, producers, etc. (or by non-residents in the compiling economy) forproductions abroad; and fees for distribution rights sold to the media for a limited number of showings in specified areas. Fees to actors,producers, etc. involved with theatrical and musical productions, sporting events, circuses, etc. and fees for distribution rights (fortelevision, radio, etc.) for these activities are included.”(b) other personal, cultural and recreational services (Other cultural services). “The second category comprises other personal, cultural, andrecreational services such as those associated with museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural, sporting, and recreational activities.Also included are fees for services, including provision of correspondence courses, rendered abroad by teachers or doctors.”Creative services, average annual growth rate, for exports of the reporting countries, 2003-2008EXPORT CATEGORYGROWTH RATEAll creative services 17.1% (23)Advertising, market research and public opinion polling services 18.4% (38)Architectural, engineering and other technical services 20.9% (31)Research and development services 14.8% (27)Personal, cultural and recreational services 10.4% (76)Audiovisual and related services 11.0% (43)Other personal, cultural and recreational service 7.3% (47)Note: The calculation of annual average growth rate is based on countries that reported consistently in 2003-2008.The numbers in parentheses after percentages represent the number of countries used in the calculation.Source: UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments statisticsCreative services, average annual growth rate, for imports of the reporting countries, 2003-2008IMPORT CATEGORYGROWTH RATEStatistical annex — Explanatory notesAll creative services 13.0% (23)Advertising, market research and public opinion polling services 13.9% (46)Architectural, engineering and other technical services 16.5% (34)Research and development services 13.0% (26)Personal, cultural and recreational services 8.6% (81)Audiovisual and related services 8.9% (48)Other personal, cultural and recreational service 7.9% (54)Note: The calculation of annual average growth rate is based on countries that reported consistently in 2003-2008.The numbers in parentheses after percentages represent the number of countries used in the calculation.Source: UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments statistics284CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010