Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.2.ACONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar 1 0 0 0 - - - -Malaysia - - - - - - - -Mali 0 0 0 1 0 0 - -Mauritius - - - - - - - -Mexico - - - - - - - -Mongolia - - - - - - - -Morocco - - - - - - - -Mozambique 1 0 - 7 - - - -Myanmar - - - - - - - -Namibia - - - - - - - -New Caledonia - - - - - - - -Niger 0 0 - 0 1 0 - -Occupied Palestinian territory - - - - - - - -Pakistan 6 9 10 17 23 23 27 26.74Panama - - - - - - - -Papua New Guinea - - - - - - - -Paraguay - - - - - - - -Peru - - - - - - - -Philippines - - - - 8 - - -Republic of Moldova 1 2 2 5 7 10 15 64.57Rwanda - - - - 0 0 - -Samoa - - - - - - - -Senegal 0 2 6 3 3 3 - -Sierra Leone - - 0 0 0 0 0 -Singapore - - - - - - - -Solomon Islands - - - - - - - -South Africa - - - - - - - -Sudan - - - - - - - -Swaziland - 0 0 0 0 0 - -Syrian Arab Republic - - - - - - - -Togo 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -Tonga - - - - - 0 - -Tunisia - - - - - - - -Turkey - - - - - - - -United Republic of Tanzania - - - - - - - -Uruguay - - - - - - - -Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) - - - - - - - -ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 752 1,052 1,495 1,864 2,205 3,055 4,037 -Albania - 0 - 0 0 73 10 -Armenia - 0 1 1 1 2 2 55.29Azerbaijan - - - 0 1 2 4 -Belarus - - 5 6 - 51 73 -Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - 4 4 5 -Croatia 97 158 193 191 214 226 263 9.30Georgia - - - - 0 1 2 -Kazakhstan 6 12 15 19 23 41 75 41.92Kyrgyzstan 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 38.90Montenegro - - - - - - - -Russian Federation 636 856 1,220 1,567 1,795 2,336 2,847 26.02Serbia - - - - - - 239 -Tajikistan - - - - - - - -The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 3 11 13 15 20 27 35 26.06Ukraine 9 14 45 63 145 290 480 99.07SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2324CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED SERVICES,BY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008TABLE2.2.BEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 14,135 15,489 15,323 18,055 21,954 37,224 40,364 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 12,410 13,929 12,964 15,477 16,100 29,136 30,682 -Australia 88 94 100 137 145 150 141 9.91Austria - - - - 1,019 - - -Belgium 1,787 2,394 2,091 2,174 2,136 3,000 3,092 6.93Bermuda - - - - 7 10 9 -Bulgaria 7 16 11 22 29 51 48 34.76Canada 330 393 368 361 346 335 354 -2.38Cyprus 24 34 47 41 68 68 79 18.38Czech Republic 76 90 133 255 246 316 340 30.07Estonia - 25 30 34 43 51 69 21.71Faroes - - - - - - - -Finland 662 - 521 1,340 - 1,874 - -France - - - - - - - -Germany 3,487 3,662 4,401 4,947 5,247 5,980 7,291 13.47Greece 66 90 122 137 163 141 195 13.62Hungary - - 121 151 197 251 323 -Iceland - - - - - - - -Ireland 2,264 2,855 - - - 8,918 10,217 -Italy 1,008 1,174 1,442 1,575 1,527 1,889 1,499 5.89Japan - - - - - - - -Latvia 29 17 36 50 66 86 102 40.32Lithuania 13 13 14 20 22 24 34 21.24Luxembourg - - - - - - - -Malta - - 35 74 159 217 183 -Netherlands - - - - - - - -New Zealand 66 88 124 126 110 115 111 2.28Norway 52 56 74 137 176 225 220 34.65Poland 100 146 141 205 320 376 533 32.55Portugal 127 146 187 191 281 369 440 25.49Romania 31 36 44 99 109 108 191 37.46Slovakia 29 52 - 51 65 73 130 -Slovenia 92 125 164 191 214 - 388 -Spain 1,074 1,269 1,481 1,904 2,080 2,381 2,279 13.54Sweden 999 1,155 1,278 1,256 1,325 2,127 2,411 16.23Switzerland - - - - - - - -United Kingdom - - - - - - - -United States of America - - - - - - - -DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 633 671 1,275 1,481 4,520 6,397 7,478 -Angola - - - - - - - -Argentina 16 18 22 21 29 41 53 23.57Bangladesh 2 2 1 4 4 4 3 14.81Barbados - - - - - - - -Benin 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -Bolivia - - - - - - - -Botswana 2 2 2 4 6 8 10 47.41Brazil 66 62 87 103 141 174 291 33.39Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia - - - - - - - -Cameroon - - - - - - - -Cape Verde 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 -0.37Chile - - - - - - - -China 394 458 698 715 955 1,337 1,941 31.03China, Hong Kong SAR - - - - - - - -China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia 26 21 25 22 22 32 28 6.49Congo - - - - - - - -Costa Rica 41 36 31 26 50 69 57 16.53Côte d’Ivoire 2 1 2 2 2 2 - -Ecuador - - - - - - - -Egypt - - - - - - - -El Salvador 0 0 2 2 2 1 3 30.35Ethiopia 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 7.79Fiji 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.79French Polynesia - - - - - - - -Guatemala 2 4 1 3 4 3 2 6.31Guinea 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - 5 5 5 6 6 -Honduras - - - - - - - -India - - 334 473 809 1,960 1,172 -Indonesia - - - - - - - -Iraq - - - - - - - -Jamaica 50 45 27 34 33 27 27 -6.90Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010325
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
Page 301 and 302: Department of Communications, Infor
Page 303 and 304: PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
Page 305 and 306: ______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
Page 307 and 308: The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
Page 309 and 310: Statistical Annex
Page 311 and 312: Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
Page 313 and 314: Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
Page 315 and 316: Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
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Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
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Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
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Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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