Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.5.BCONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar 0 0 - - - - - -Malaysia 2,790 2,922 1,899 1,855 1,431 1,996 1,177 -12.46Mali 0 0 13 14 15 4 - -Mauritius 10 14 21 31 34 39 40 22.76Mexico 260 221 225 275 326 259 227 2.12Mongolia - 0 - 0 2 - - -Morocco - - - - - - 28 -Mozambique 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 83.57Myanmar 0 6 3 3 7 - - -Namibia - - - - - - - -New Caledonia 6 8 11 38 41 56 72 58.97Niger 0 0 - 0 6 0 - -Occupied Palestinian territory 38 36 16 18 18 69 - -Pakistan - - 2 8 3 - - -Panama - - - - - - - -Papua New Guinea - - 0 0 - - - -Paraguay - - - - - - - -Peru - - - - - - 16 -Philippines 17 15 15 9 8 22 26 11.41Republic of Moldova 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 8.95Rwanda - - - - 4 0 0 -Samoa - - 0 1 0 0 - -Senegal 0 0 0 0 1 - - -Sierra Leone - - - - - - - -Singapore 265 241 268 279 261 278 312 3.86Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0 - - -South Africa 3 3 5 8 9 10 10 25.79Sudan - 0 - - - 5 4 -Swaziland - 0 0 0 - - - -Syrian Arab Republic - - 27 21 32 20 - -Togo - - - 0 - - - -Tonga 0 0 0 0 0 1 - -Tunisia 5 4 6 6 10 7 11 18.63Turkey 205 117 176 88 106 111 181 2.85United Republic of Tanzania - 1 0 0 0 2 2 71.85Uruguay 18 10 7 10 9 10 10 2.23Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 58 52 165 181 254 330 452 45.94ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 238 292 476 776 969 1,236 1,505 -Albania 7 8 30 104 113 70 40 34.95Armenia 5 5 6 7 7 8 11 14.14Azerbaijan - 5 5 5 5 5 7 4.47Belarus 4 5 7 11 16 21 24 38.63Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - -Croatia 32 41 53 56 71 94 133 24.83Georgia - - - - - 7 18 -Kazakhstan 3 12 7 16 15 18 25 20.08Kyrgyzstan 0 3 6 21 30 26 38 63.02Montenegro - - - - - - 34 -Russian Federation 166 188 309 440 542 753 838 34.45Serbia - - - - - - 90 -Tajikistan - - - - - - - -The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 3 6 5 6 8 10 16 23.75Ukraine 20 18 48 109 162 225 231 66.25SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2338CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED SERVICESBY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008TABLE2.5.1.AEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 13,681 16,263 19,358 19,318 24,772 26,686 26,426 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 12,977 15,613 18,557 18,244 23,498 25,163 24,737 -Australia 93 133 132 126 151 140 194 6.58Austria - - - - 94 - - -Belgium 240 297 385 444 470 326 540 7.58Bermuda - - - - - - - -Bulgaria - - 10 8 13 36 29 -Canada 1,138 1,259 1,661 1,880 2,073 2,021 2,102 9.74Cyprus 1 1 3 6 17 18 7 57.13Czech Republic 26 20 123 46 103 175 106 33.95Estonia - 1 1 1 1 3 8 58.01Faroes - - - - - - - -Finland 6 26 5 7 - 12 - -France 1,023 1,288 1,639 1,424 963 1,018 1,167 -6.40Germany 534 1,007 978 1,175 942 1,147 1,065 1.54Greece 80 262 879 93 85 119 118 -24.98Hungary 463 803 1,143 1,235 1,035 1,309 949 3.09Iceland - - - - - - - -Ireland 320 400 - - - - - -Italy 228 180 336 328 360 360 414 13.62Japan 79 84 62 82 104 126 120 12.71Latvia 0 3 1 2 2 5 6 23.97Lithuania 6 11 5 3 7 5 3 -14.55Luxembourg - - - - - - - -Malta - - 0 17 6 12 40 -Netherlands 179 - - 597 480 396 498 -New Zealand - - - - - - - -Norway 58 70 97 192 230 272 275 33.49Poland 19 29 32 36 59 58 75 22.24Portugal 21 23 43 28 41 62 90 26.73Romania 19 23 48 64 50 75 36 10.01Slovakia 3 8 5 5 5 8 13 12.93Slovenia 4 6 11 11 14 18 13 16.69Spain 257 308 424 461 552 717 751 19.39Sweden 81 145 129 153 152 - - -Switzerland - - - - - - - -United Kingdom 1,565 2,089 2,857 2,861 2,665 2,303 2,520 0.64United States of America 6,534 7,137 7,549 6,958 12,823 14,422 13,598 17.95DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 669 578 694 933 1,056 1,234 1,370 -Angola - - - - - - - -Argentina 95 118 144 192 242 305 447 29.83Bangladesh 0 4 0 1 2 1 1 -10.30Barbados - - - 0 - - - -Benin 0 - 0 - - 0 - -Bolivia - 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.05Botswana - - - - - - - -Brazil 28 29 15 16 21 17 26 0.41Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia - - - - - - - -Cameroon - - - - - - - -Cape Verde 0 - - - 0 0 0 -Chile - - - - - - - -China 30 33 41 134 137 316 418 71.03China, Hong Kong SAR - - - - - - - -China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia 24 20 26 24 28 21 24 0.89Congo - - - - - - - -Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.05Côte d'Ivoire - - - 0 - - - -Ecuador 32 34 36 39 41 44 47 6.67Egypt - - - - - - - -El Salvador - - - - - - - -Ethiopia 3 1 0 - 0 0 0 -Fiji - 0 0 1 1 1 1 54.00French Polynesia 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 -9.41Guatemala 0 1 1 0 - - - -Guinea - - - - - 1 2 -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - - - - - - -Honduras - - - - - - - -India - - - - - - - -Indonesia - - - - - - - -Iraq - - - - - - - -Jamaica - - - - - - - -Kenya - - - - - - - -Korea, Republic of 44 28 56 127 170 183 208 48.73Lebanon - - - - - - - -Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010339
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 369 and 370: IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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