Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.3.BCONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar - 49 18 14 - - - -Malaysia - - - - - - - -Mali - - 0 - - - - -Mauritius - - - - - - - -Mexico - - - - - - - -Mongolia - - - - - - - -Morocco - - - - - - - -Mozambique 64 39 - 2 83 81 46 -Myanmar - - - - - - - -Namibia 24 20 62 46 45 31 44 5.14New Caledonia - - - - - - - -Niger - - - - - - - -Occupied Palestinian territory - - - - - - - -Pakistan 70 54 13 17 20 51 80 19.48Panama - - - 25 1 - - -Papua New Guinea - - - - - - - -Paraguay 0 2 2 - - - - -Peru - - - - - - - -Philippines - - - - 510 - - -Republic of Moldova - - - - 0 0 3 -Rwanda - - - - 1 - - -Samoa - - - - - - - -Senegal - - - - - - - -Sierra Leone - 1 2 - - 0 0 -Singapore - - - - - - - -Solomon Islands - - - - - - - -South Africa - - - - - - - -Sudan - - - - - - - -Swaziland 1 2 36 22 23 48 - -Syrian Arab Republic - - - - - - - -Togo - - - - - - - -Tonga - - - - - - - -Tunisia - - - - - - - -Turkey - - - - 11 14 8 -United Republic of Tanzania - - - - - - - -Uruguay - - - - - - - -Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 82 76 92 107 121 129 431 32.37ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 1,749 1,849 2,877 3,116 3,414 5,222 6,931 -Albania - 0 - 0 1 0 28 -Armenia - - - - - - - -Azerbaijan - - - - - - - -Belarus - - 27 43 - 68 75 -Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - 2 2 3 -Croatia 112 143 210 208 305 271 303 15.03Georgia 0 1 1 1 1 6 16 69.34Kazakhstan 450 688 1,335 1,581 1,289 1,727 1,796 16.57Kyrgyzstan 1 1 1 2 8 5 6 42.76Montenegro - - - - - - - -Russian Federation 936 872 1,168 1,095 1,612 2,803 4,245 36.65Serbia - - - - - - 124 -Tajikistan 1 0 1 2 0 106 4 94.99The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 4 19 26 40 29 39 50 17.65Ukraine 245 124 108 144 168 196 281 18.81SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2330CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SERVICESBY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008TABLE2.4.AEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 12,639 16,270 16,903 19,552 24,347 26,934 31,111 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 10,907 13,889 16,182 18,312 22,379 23,972 27,245 -Australia 168 235 302 326 346 468 486 15.39Austria - - - - 1,797 - - -Belgium 795 1,224 1,540 1,720 1,839 1,907 2,809 14.90Bermuda - - - - - 6 6 -Bulgaria 21 23 5 10 16 31 33 24.49Canada 1,605 2,334 2,537 2,636 2,869 3,098 3,002 5.71Cyprus 1 19 24 13 15 39 35 13.81Czech Republic 39 11 18 79 106 179 218 87.66Estonia - 13 15 13 17 19 30 16.70Faroes - - - - - - - -Finland 188 319 292 341 - - - -France - - - - - - - -Germany 4,211 5,253 6,301 7,595 8,679 10,362 12,083 17.99Greece 60 57 81 93 103 107 126 14.95Hungary - - 228 230 301 435 421 -Iceland - - - - - - - -Ireland 383 366 442 410 297 708 998 19.09Italy 978 952 1,091 996 1,285 1,390 980 3.28Japan - - - - - - - -Latvia 6 7 8 12 13 20 20 25.20Lithuania - 2 3 2 9 13 10 52.08Luxembourg - - - - - - - -Malta - - 3 3 19 5 3 -Netherlands - - - - - - - -New Zealand 49 38 47 60 74 73 73 14.63Norway 154 150 200 319 491 399 496 27.39Poland 38 38 97 169 183 253 361 50.09Portugal 29 28 29 36 52 57 58 18.76Romania 15 10 14 34 58 66 105 62.29Slovakia 6 10 - 18 21 39 44 -Slovenia 17 19 27 29 45 - 108 -Spain 512 590 767 902 1,068 1,169 1,203 15.36Sweden 1,631 2,191 2,112 2,267 2,677 3,127 3,537 11.28Switzerland - - - - - - - -United Kingdom - - - - - - - -United States of America - - - - - - - -DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 1,351 1,959 214 514 1,288 2,117 2,760 -Angola - - - - - - - -Argentina 36 55 77 127 168 197 249 35.63Bangladesh 4 5 6 6 6 11 10 18.49Barbados - - - - - - - -Benin - 0 - - - - - -Bolivia - - - - - - - -Botswana 1 3 4 3 9 12 14 43.68Brazil - - - 38 127 176 315 -Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia - - - - - - - -Cameroon - - - - - - - -Cape Verde - - - - - - - -Chile - - - - - - - -China 1,285 1,885 - - - - - -China, Hong Kong SAR - - - - - - - -China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia - - - - - - - -Congo - - - - - - - -Costa Rica - - - 0 - - - -Côte d'Ivoire - - - - - - - -Ecuador - - - - - - - -Egypt - - - - - - - -El Salvador - - - - - - - -Ethiopia 2 4 3 0 1 0 1 -29.12Fiji - - 0 - - 0 - -French Polynesia - - - - - - - -Guatemala - - - - - - - -Guinea - - - - - - - -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - - - - - - -Honduras - - - - - - - -India - - 118 335 670 1,187 1,598 -Indonesia - - - - - - - -Iraq - - - - - - - -Jamaica - - - - - - - -Kenya - - - - - - - -Korea, Republic of - - - - 288 506 547 -Lebanon - - - - - - - -Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010331
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
Page 307 and 308: The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
Page 309 and 310: Statistical Annex
Page 311 and 312: Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
Page 313 and 314: Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
Page 315 and 316: Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
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Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
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Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
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Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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