Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE1.1CREATIVE GOODS: WORLD EXPORTS AND IMPORTS,BY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008Statistical Annex Part 1Economic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (f.o.b., in millions of $)Growthrate (1)2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008WORLD 204,948 233,400 269,331 298,549 324,407 370,298 406,992 11.53Developed economies 127,903 140,884 158,144 171,023 185,895 211,515 227,103 10.02Developing economies 75,835 91,124 109,267 125,321 136,100 156,043 176,211 13.55Transition economies 1,210 1,392 1,920 2,206 2,413 2,741 3,678 18.76DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: AMERICA 27,886 28,774 31,557 35,221 38,841 42,012 44,215 9.27Canada 9,327 9,576 10,067 10,500 10,356 9,661 9,215 -0.94Greenland 2 3 7 8 11 3 - -United States of America 18,557 19,195 21,483 24,713 28,475 32,348 35,000 13.31DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: ASIA 4,600 4,055 4,611 6,122 5,480 7,045 7,574 13.02Israel 624 588 623 555 567 612 586 -0.13Japan 3,976 3,468 3,989 5,567 4,913 6,432 6,988 14.74DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: EUROPE 94,514 106,998 120,701 128,355 140,251 161,087 174,018 10.16EUROPEAN UNION (EU) 89,051 101,459 114,176 121,573 132,501 151,876 163,650 9.99Austria 3,603 4,212 4,435 4,690 5,191 5,645 6,313 8.48Belgium 5,387 6,496 7,325 7,373 7,562 8,673 9,220 6.74Bulgaria 140 186 221 228 255 345 377 15.23Cyprus 29 32 38 39 30 29 29 -4.27Czech Republic 1,482 1,824 2,114 2,437 3,195 4,075 4,892 22.74Denmark 2,510 2,883 3,202 3,173 3,903 4,366 4,319 9.44Estonia 204 237 247 267 294 337 382 10.27Finland 1,008 1,083 1,078 976 1,091 1,224 1,113 1.80France 8,999 10,556 11,865 12,834 14,108 15,640 17,271 10.16Germany 15,213 17,442 19,955 22,487 25,578 30,393 34,408 14.66Greece 417 625 655 701 818 828 944 8.68Hungary 1,132 563 707 761 794 947 1,096 12.92Ireland 2,747 2,922 2,774 2,769 2,796 2,300 2,192 -5.53Italy 16,517 17,712 19,962 20,478 22,954 26,688 27,792 9.69Latvia 114 133 176 182 207 235 261 13.24Lithuania 168 249 338 427 544 730 766 26.30Luxembourg 177 227 252 215 199 341 327 7.89Malta 87 100 118 112 124 136 131 5.53Netherlands 3,686 5,587 6,314 6,687 7,019 7,772 10,527 11.59Poland 1,983 2,565 3,170 3,440 3,732 4,723 5,250 14.89Portugal 810 928 1,011 926 987 1,206 1,248 6.10Romania 779 1,008 1,199 1,279 1,355 1,401 1,471 7.13Slovakia 422 546 701 814 868 1,122 1,264 17.59Slovenia 423 516 682 728 777 919 977 12.59Spain 4,507 4,898 5,236 5,140 5,236 5,965 6,287 4.85Sweden 2,851 3,025 3,484 3,458 3,825 4,166 4,897 9.09United Kingdom 13,657 14,903 16,917 18,952 19,060 21,669 19,898 6.47OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 5,463 5,539 6,525 6,782 7,750 9,211 10,367 13.08Andorra 6 6 7 10 12 - - -Faroes - - - - 0 0 0 -Iceland 15 13 12 10 9 7 5 -16.36Norway 3,01 319 347 367 364 385 446 5.82Switzerland 5,141 5,201 6,159 6,395 7,364 8,820 9,916 13.54DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: OCEANIA 903 1,057 1,275 1,325 1,323 1,371 1,297 3.60Australia 652 780 959 1,005 1,015 1,072 1,022 4.96New Zealand 251 277 316 320 308 299 275 -0.68DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AFRICA 740 809 889 981 1,361 1,520 2,220 22.09DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: EASTERN AFRICA 92 124 170 182 495 424 364 29.71Burundi - - - - 1 1 0 -Ethiopia - - 1 1 1 40 4 -Kenya 11 18 20 26 37 45 58 28.40Madagascar 18 24 29 30 33 42 50 14.74Malawi - 1 1 1 6 6 8 52.47Mauritius 54 76 75 77 93 82 82 2.24Mayotte 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60.02Mozambique 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 27.27Rwanda - - 0 1 0 1 2 -Seychelles 0 - - - - - 0 -Uganda 0 1 1 1 1 8 11 90.89United Republic of Tanzania - - - 11 18 25 76 -Zambia 8 3 2 9 1 4 2 -3.20Zimbabwe - - 40 23 303 169 65 -302CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in millions of $)Growthrate (1)2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Economic group andcountry/territory225,590 250,160 284,624 317,175 337,506 402,452 420,783 11.15 WORLD187,170 205,869 230,741 250,975 266,902 306,808 317,058 9.18 Developed economies36,692 41,842 50,492 62,090 65,426 88,370 93,721 17.90 Developing economies1,728 2,448 3,391 4,110 5,178 7,274 10,003 31.40 Transition economies76,853 79,805 86,735 94,453 100,243 109,145 104,706 6.20 DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: AMERICA8,214 9,162 9,846 10,940 12,015 13,602 14,736 10.33 Canada16 22 26 26 25 17 - - Greenland68,624 70,621 76,862 83,488 88,203 95,525 89,971 5.63 United States of America12,995 13,810 15,399 17,095 18,073 19,484 19,736 7.55 DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: ASIA865 786 872 894 946 1,103 1,224 8.87 Israel12,129 13,025 14,526 16,202 17,128 18,381 18,512 7.46 Japan93,458 107,686 123,069 133,393 142,370 170,815 184,353 11.27 DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: EUROPE84,198 97,541 111,718 120,901 129,456 155,144 166,750 11.26 EUROPEAN UNION (EU)3,207 3,946 4,742 4,953 5,279 6,768 7,132 12.40 Austria4,708 5,685 6,412 6,769 6,919 7,940 8,632 8.18 Belgium189 258 313 363 430 633 756 24.46 Bulgaria224 256 295 311 350 433 497 14.01 Cyprus1,261 1,609 1,987 2,185 2,660 3,185 3,802 18.41 Czech Republic1,849 2,188 2,270 2,696 3,099 3,789 4,129 14.87 Denmark157 181 198 222 277 365 387 18.15 Estonia868 1,089 1,251 1,343 1,490 1,691 1,918 11.59 Finland11,340 13,339 15,105 16,141 17,035 20,428 22,791 10.95 France14,996 16,841 18,372 20,757 20,730 24,579 26,866 9.60 Germany1,179 1,714 1,996 2,188 2,366 2,816 3,560 14.59 Greece875 1,090 1,274 1,230 1,320 1,525 1,624 7.72 Hungary1,375 1,521 1,853 2,047 2,384 2,682 2,549 11.60 Ireland6,298 7,337 8,738 9,523 10,657 12,231 12,597 11.54 Italy168 204 232 269 404 492 466 21.37 Latvia136 175 225 276 376 497 484 24.83 Lithuania424 527 567 541 578 712 717 6.75 Luxembourg90 115 132 140 147 163 174 8.14 Malta4,600 5,366 6,074 6,339 6,920 8,042 12,082 15.32 Netherlands1,228 1,332 1,634 1,891 2,257 2,988 3,837 23.11 Poland1,328 1,547 1,764 1,697 1,827 2,100 2,161 6.70 Portugal636 809 901 1,034 1,204 1,546 1,791 17.83 Romania352 436 570 637 709 903 1,291 21.84 Slovakia306 395 493 470 522 671 711 12.01 Slovenia4,745 5,999 7,269 8,200 8,311 10,184 10,491 11.53 Spain2,192 2,601 3,056 3,281 3,518 4,008 4,458 10.76 Sweden19,468 20,979 23,996 25,396 27,684 33,774 30,847 9.07 United Kingdom9,260 10,145 11,351 12,492 12,914 15,671 17,604 11.33 OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES105 119 130 - - - - - Andorra19 23 26 27 33 37 37 11.29 Faroes83 124 142 192 212 253 195 12.32 Iceland1,648 1,875 2,112 2,365 2,547 3,092 3,468 13.05 Norway7,405 8,003 8,941 9,907 10,122 12,289 13,904 11.27 Switzerland3,864 4,569 5,539 6,033 6,216 7,363 8,262 11.62 DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: OCEANIA3,192 3,747 4,566 4,931 5,146 6,103 7,040 12.32 Australia672 822 973 1,102 1,071 1,260 1,222 8.11 New Zealand1,585 2,032 2,749 3,468 4,306 4,728 5,693 22.12 DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AFRICA266 341 450 542 652 691 857 18.96 DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: EASTERN AFRICA- - - - 7 5 9 - Burundi- - 51 49 55 82 72 - Ethiopia62 72 90 115 133 133 135 13.70 Kenya9 35 35 33 42 46 108 21.24 Madagascar- 22 23 31 32 29 43 12.16 Malawi91 116 117 101 106 113 143 2.87 Mauritius5 6 9 9 10 11 13 12.47 Mayotte18 23 32 47 43 44 51 14.76 Mozambique- - 4 8 20 20 28 - Rwanda8 - - - - - 29 - Seychelles31 33 38 39 49 77 68 18.51 Uganda- - - 52 73 69 83 - United Republic of Tanzania41 34 35 36 61 44 54 10.62 Zambia- - 15 21 20 17 20 - ZimbabweCREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010Statistical Annex Part 1303
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
Page 279 and 280: 9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
Page 281 and 282: CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
Page 283 and 284: VI. The creative economy cuts acros
Page 285 and 286: the creative industries in the Unit
Page 287 and 288: policymakers, researchers and pract
Page 289 and 290: Another mechanism to promote South-
Page 291 and 292: 10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
Page 293 and 294: ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
Page 295 and 296: of Definitions of the Cultural and
Page 297 and 298: ativity for its management”, in C
Page 299 and 300: Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
Page 301 and 302: Department of Communications, Infor
Page 303 and 304: PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
Page 305 and 306: ______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
Page 307 and 308: The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
Page 309 and 310: Statistical Annex
Page 311 and 312: Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
Page 313 and 314: Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
Page 315 and 316: Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
Page 319 and 320: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 333 and 334: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367 and 368: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
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Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
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TABLE3.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
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TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
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TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
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TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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