Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.5.1.ACONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar - 0 - - - - - -Malaysia - - - - - - - -Mali - 0 0 0 - 0 - -Mauritius 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 24.32Mexico 400 293 358 373 383 308 87 -16.91Mongolia - - - - - - - -Morocco - - - - - - 90 -Mozambique - - - - - - - -Myanmar - - - - - - - -Namibia - - - - - - - -New Caledonia 1 2 2 0 1 14 3 31.33Niger - 0 - - - - - -Occupied Palestinian territory - - - - - - - -Pakistan - 1 - - - - - -Panama - - - - - - - -Papua New Guinea - - - - - - - -Paraguay - - - - - - - -Peru - - - - - - - -Philippines 6 9 7 19 24 15 8 5.67Republic of Moldova 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 -13.57Rwanda - - - - 0 0 - -Samoa - - - - - - - -Senegal 0 0 - 0 - 1 - -Sierra Leone - - - - - - - -Singapore - - - - - - - -Solomon Islands - - - - - - - -South Africa - - - - - - - -Sudan - - - - - - - -Swaziland - 0 - 0 0 0 - -Syrian Arab Republic - - - - - - - -Togo - - - - - - - -Tonga - - - - - 0 - -Tunisia - - - - - - - -Turkey - - - - - - - -United Republic of Tanzania - - - - - - - -Uruguay - - - - - - - -Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3.24ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 36 72 107 141 218 290 320 -Albania - 0 - 0 39 61 1 -Armenia 1 1 3 3 3 3 4 15.84Azerbaijan - - - - - - - -Belarus - - 2 1 - - - -Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - -Croatia 9 9 5 7 17 19 25 31.57Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 61.82Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 84.24Kyrgyzstan - - - - - - - -Montenegro - - - - - - - -Russian Federation 26 59 93 127 154 196 261 32.70Serbia - - - - - - 18 -Tajikistan - - - - - - - -The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0 2 3 3 5 7 7 32.74Ukraine - - - - - - - -SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2340CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED SERVICESBY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY, 2002-2008TABLE2.5.1.BEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 12,284 13,625 16,066 17,925 19,985 19,967 21,932 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 11,165 12,523 14,591 16,218 17,963 17,501 19,160 -Australia 428 495 611 591 704 798 1,084 15.01Austria - - - - 143 - - -Belgium 332 394 443 397 404 543 706 10.66Bermuda - - - - - - - -Bulgaria - - 9 9 11 14 10 -Canada 1,480 1,583 1,688 1,668 1,883 2,001 2,093 5.97Cyprus 3 8 13 16 17 16 16 12.45Czech Republic 22 24 29 47 65 92 78 32.14Estonia - 0 0 1 1 2 5 84.71Faroes - - - - - - - -Finland 55 7 7 12 10 29 21 30.55France 1,618 1,768 1,804 1,840 1,593 1,769 2,086 1.80Germany 2,273 2,955 3,185 3,485 4,722 2,780 2,945 -0.35Greece 63 74 225 60 67 110 165 5.87Hungary 461 813 1,010 1,096 807 892 829 -1.63Iceland - - - - - - - -Ireland 74 87 - - - - - -Italy 585 695 1,084 1,269 1,179 1,470 1,599 15.39Japan 832 748 861 903 981 1,044 933 5.18Latvia 3 5 10 9 9 9 13 15.25Lithuania 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 14.75Luxembourg - - - - - - - -Malta 5 7 3 2 2 2 2 -16.07Netherlands 244 - - 766 606 562 538 -New Zealand - - - - - - - -Norway 153 208 272 336 378 300 361 9.48Poland 126 100 69 99 156 204 173 20.23Portugal 102 122 148 118 174 166 229 11.72Romania 16 25 40 88 71 61 129 30.26Slovakia 6 7 10 7 9 11 17 16.79Slovenia 17 25 25 23 25 37 3 -21.96Spain 1,098 1,231 1,272 1,141 1,150 1,383 1,505 3.68Sweden 47 88 126 130 98 - - -Switzerland - - - - - - - -United Kingdom 984 851 1,238 1,146 1,177 1,653 1,737 13.59United States of America 137 206 409 959 1,520 1,552 1,878 55.79DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 954 911 1,184 1,274 1,474 1,700 1,925 -Angola - - - - - - - -Argentina 93 108 143 165 172 205 236 15.46Bangladesh 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.78Barbados - - - 0 - - - -Benin 0 0 0 0 0 2 - -Bolivia 2 4 5 5 7 8 9 18.11Botswana - - - - - - - -Brazil 215 250 300 314 387 456 589 17.83Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia - - - - - - - -Cameroon - - - - - - - -Cape Verde 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 36.77Chile - - - - - - - -China 96 70 176 154 121 154 255 18.19China, Hong Kong SAR - - - - - - - -China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia 27 29 31 41 53 50 38 9.36Congo - - - - - - - -Costa Rica - - - - - - - -Côte d'Ivoire 1 1 1 1 1 1 - -Ecuador 86 92 98 106 116 126 137 8.45Egypt - - - - - - - -El Salvador - - - - - - - -Ethiopia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -40.26Fiji 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 4.49French Polynesia 3 3 3 4 3 0 1 -38.50Guatemala 0 0 2 - 5 4 5 -Guinea 0 0 1 - - 1 - -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - - - - - - -Honduras - - - - - - - -India - - - - - - - -Indonesia - - - - - - - -Iraq - - - - - - - -Jamaica 2 - 2 1 4 6 6 -Kenya - - - - - - - -Korea, Republic of 124 90 152 159 229 381 346 32.48Lebanon - - - - - - - -Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010341
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Explanatory notes (continued)Obviou
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Explanatory notes (continued)EBOPSE
Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363 and 364: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 365 and 366: IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
Page 367: EXPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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