Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

first and second, exporting nearly $11.5 billionof publishing and printed media materialsannually; each country held a 24 per cent shareof the world market for exports of creativegoods (table 5.18 and chart 5.14).Developing countries, despite their slightparticipation in world markets, showed greatdynamism during the period 2002-2008. Theirexports increased from $3.2 billion to $8.1 billion.As a result, their share in global marketsreached nearly 17 per cent, owing mainly to therise in exports from China. Books gained thegreatest market share, increasing from $2.1 billionin 2002 to $5.1 billion in 2008. Similarpositive trends were observed for other printedmaterials as well as for newspapers. Table 5.19shows the 10 leading exporters among developingeconomies. Economies in transition exported$1.4 billion and imported $1.8 billion inpublishing materials and printed media in 2008.The rapid expansion of this creativeindustry in China over the period 2002-2008was remarkable. With an annual growth rate of8.7 per cent, Chinese exports of publishingmaterial and printed media sharply increasedfrom $535 million to $2.4 billion, althoughtrade data cannot distinguish creative products“made” in China from those “created” in China.Positive developments also took place in mostdeveloping countries. Asia and Latin Americahad a presence in world markets. For tradeflows, see tables 1.2.A and 1.2.B in the annex.Chart 5.14(in billions of $)Table 5.18Rank454035302520151050ExporterPublishing and printed media: Exports, by economicgroup, 2002, 2005 and 2008DevelopedeconomiesPublishing and printed media: Top 10 exportersamong developed economies, 2008Value (inmillions of $)Developingeconomies2002 2005 2008Marketshare (%)2008 20081 Germany 6,331 13.12 8.202 United States 5,293 10.97 6.183 Canada 4,898 10.15 -1.284 United Kingdom 4,245 8.79 3.485 France 2,655 5.50 5.566 Italy 2,044 4.24 6.387 Belgium 1,878 3.89 7.678 Sweden 1,554 3.22 5.529 Netherlands 1,511 3.13 9.6210 Spain 1,450 3.00 4.06Source: UNCTAD, based on official data in UN COMTRADE databaseTransitioneconomiesSource: UNCTAD based on official data reported to UN COMTRADE databaseGrowthrate (%)2003-20085International trade in creative goods and services: Global trends and features5.6.6 DesignFeaturesDesign deals with the creation of formsand the appearance of products. Creative designis expressed in several ways: through the creationof decorative luxury items such as jewellery, bythe uniqueness of a functional service such asthe architectural design of a building, or as utilitarianmass-produced goods such as an interiorobject. Design products are usually aestheticfunctional creations based on concepts andspecifications. Again, the definition of designTable 5.19RankExporterPublishing and printed media: Top 10 exportersamong developing economies, 2008Value (inmillions of $)Marketshare (%)2008 20081 China 2,421 5.02 8.702 China, Hong Kong SAR 1,989 4.12 3.913 Singapore 713 1.48 45.844 Korea, Republic of 605 1.25 53.495 Mexico 433 0.90 -8.606 Malaysia 231 0.48 12.227 Colombia 224 0.46 -16.588 Nigeria 195 0.41 274.909 India 192 0.40 0.7010 Chile 184 0.38 13.19Source: UNCTAD, based on official data in UN COMTRADE databaseGrowthrate (%)2003-2008CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010155