Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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TABLE2.5.ACONTINUEDEconomic group andcountry/territoryEXPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008Madagascar 0 0 - - - - - -Malaysia 1,566 1,835 1,670 1,562 863 832 872 -16.72Mali - 0 0 0 0 1 - -Mauritius 5 5 4 2 2 4 6 2.01Mexico 400 293 358 373 383 308 87 -16.91Mongolia - 0 1 0 - - - -Morocco - - - - - - 93 -Mozambique - 0 0 0 2 0 1 65.21Myanmar 0 0 - - - - - -Namibia - - - - - - - -New Caledonia 1 2 2 1 5 15 6 48.23Niger - 0 - - 0 - - -Occupied Palestinian territory 1 3 1 5 0 - - -Pakistan - 1 0 2 1 1 1 45.49Panama - - - - - - - -Papua New Guinea - - 0 0 - - - -Paraguay - - - - - - - -Peru - - - - - - 4 -Philippines 7 9 7 20 27 22 21 25.58Republic of Moldova 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 -13.57Rwanda - - - - 0 0 - -Samoa - - 0 1 2 4 - -Senegal 0 0 - 0 0 1 - -Sierra Leone - - - - - - - -Singapore 127 154 185 180 203 239 268 11.01Solomon Islands 0 1 1 1 2 - - -South Africa 38 60 88 114 103 90 99 7.34Sudan - 0 - - 0 5 0 -Swaziland - 0 0 0 0 0 - -Syrian Arab Republic - - 62 85 92 30 - -Togo - - - - - - - -Tonga 0 1 0 1 1 1 - -Tunisia 3 5 10 4 3 3 6 -9.03Turkey 1,355 781 1,418 1,079 998 971 1,224 2.99United Republic of Tanzania 1 1 0 1 0 1 10 62.43Uruguay 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 -14.41Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 5 5 4 5 5 5 6 4.62ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION 114 183 240 278 453 670 1,015 -Albania 2 5 8 18 58 68 13 45.24Armenia 2 2 5 5 5 6 7 19.98Azerbaijan - 2 3 3 3 3 4 8.59Belarus 2 2 3 2 5 8 10 43.95Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - -Croatia 28 33 30 29 49 66 130 32.10Georgia 0 0 2 3 6 9 9 96.67Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 92.39Kyrgyzstan 2 6 9 7 10 45 69 67.25Montenegro - - - - - - 18 -Russian Federation 72 125 164 187 232 291 389 24.34Serbia - - - - - - 160 -Tajikistan - - - - - - - -The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2 4 7 7 10 17 18 33.18Ukraine 3 4 11 16 74 158 185 127.02SOURCE: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UNCTAD calculations based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics.NOTES: Annual average growth rate only available for countries that reported consistently from 2003-2008.- Data not available or not separately reported.Statistical Annex Part 2336CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
IMPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONALSERVICES BY ECONOMIC GROUP AND COUNTRY/TERRITORY,2002-2008TABLE2.5.BEconomic group andcountry/territoryIMPORTS (in millions of $)Annualaveragegrowth rate2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003-2008TOTAL REPORTING COUNTRIES 20,015 22,605 25,654 27,242 29,761 32,034 35,041 -DEVELOPED ECONOMIES 15,015 17,586 20,650 21,593 23,926 24,854 27,665 -Australia 531 625 781 774 851 934 1,240 12.31Austria 298 467 693 728 750 845 929 12.30Belgium 380 443 494 470 498 566 743 9.13Bermuda - - - - 0 0 0 -Bulgaria 10 17 15 16 19 31 20 8.73Canada 1,598 1,720 1,844 1,838 2,066 2,195 2,302 6.17Cyprus 13 22 49 56 65 81 78 25.46Czech Republic 175 155 118 89 129 160 163 4.49Estonia 1 2 2 5 7 9 15 54.37Faroes 1 1 - - - - - -Finland 61 25 29 23 27 77 82 29.58France 2,081 2,344 2,624 2,821 2,687 3,156 3,671 8.17Germany 2,273 2,955 3,185 3,485 4,722 2,780 2,945 -0.35Greece 182 184 357 185 227 354 456 14.46Hungary 491 845 1,048 1,144 861 976 914 -0.32Iceland 12 11 12 13 14 17 10 2.25Ireland 74 87 - 105 - - - -Italy 933 1,034 1,505 1,639 1,643 2,102 2,246 14.97Japan 1,190 946 1,081 1,115 1,299 1,318 1,215 5.87Latvia 5 7 15 13 15 21 32 28.45Lithuania 4 1 1 2 2 2 8 38.64Luxembourg 309 418 477 333 428 617 820 13.37Malta 6 8 7 8 12 15 18 22.24Netherlands 616 746 880 949 730 706 728 -2.94New Zealand 65 72 57 43 41 51 66 -2.26Norway 218 304 383 508 588 569 730 17.71Poland 155 128 131 160 234 302 328 24.22Portugal 227 264 360 342 474 512 606 17.13Romania 82 101 143 108 94 104 201 6.94Slovakia 22 98 112 92 120 139 144 8.38Slovenia 38 50 59 61 77 99 24 -5.47Spain 1,491 1,699 1,905 1,748 1,916 2,416 2,628 8.91Sweden 70 116 159 160 150 148 287 12.96Switzerland 67 90 95 87 85 94 106 2.17United Kingdom 1,198 1,396 1,619 1,515 1,577 1,907 2,033 7.13United States of America 137 206 409 959 1,520 1,552 1,878 55.79DEVELOPING ECONOMIES 4,761 4,727 4,528 4,873 4,865 5,944 5,871 -Angola 15 11 28 45 65 99 121 58.88Argentina 96 108 143 165 172 208 240 15.90Bangladesh 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.56Barbados - 0 1 0 0 1 - -Benin 0 0 0 0 0 2 - -Bolivia 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 18.69Botswana - - - - - - - -Brazil 309 337 409 451 533 651 869 19.75Burkina Faso - - - - - - - -Cambodia 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 10.05Cameroon 1 4 4 2 9 10 6 17.89Cape Verde 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 30.01Chile 44 47 48 53 55 42 47 -1.30China 96 70 176 154 121 154 255 18.19China, Hong Kong SAR 68 68 52 52 56 67 140 13.52China, Macao SAR - - - - - - - -Colombia 28 29 31 44 58 54 41 10.86Congo 5 3 4 - - - - -Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.76Côte d'Ivoire 1 1 1 1 1 1 - -Ecuador 86 92 98 106 116 126 137 8.45Egypt 14 15 15 22 39 29 80 36.34El Salvador 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 -1.03Ethiopia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -40.26Fiji 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 4.98French Polynesia 8 7 10 10 9 6 11 1.96Guatemala 5 0 2 0 5 4 5 66.81Guinea 0 0 1 - - 1 - -Guinea-Bissau - - - - - - - -Guyana - - - - - - - -Honduras 9 4 5 6 6 8 10 20.27India - - 61 105 104 169 296 -Indonesia - - 184 166 124 107 126 -Iraq - - - 151 118 27 - -Jamaica 4 2 3 2 4 6 6 25.04Kenya 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 -19.09Korea, Republic of 283 261 376 477 671 929 891 30.03Lebanon 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010337
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ContentsForeword...................
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3.4.2 Large-scale corporate enterpr
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7. Technology, connectivity and the
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LIST OF BOXES1.1 A creative entrepr
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5.9 Creative goods: Exports, by reg
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5.13 Audiovisuals: Exports, by econ
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ForewordThe United Nations publishe
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AcknowledgementsThe Creative Econom
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Scope of this reportThe Creative Ec
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Chapter 1 explores evolving concept
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Ten key messagesThis policy-oriente
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IX. In the aftermath of the crisis,
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GCC Gulf Cooperation CouncilGDP Gro
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The Creative Economy1PART
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CHAPTER1Conceptand context of thecr
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1Concept and context of the creativ
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1Box 1.1 continuedA creative entrep
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1Box 1.2 continuedThe creative city
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2The development dimensioneties. Th
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Box 2.1South-South sharing of creat
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2The development dimension2.2.3 Soc
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2Box 2.2 continuedBrazilian carniva
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Box 2.3Africa Remix: Africa speakin
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2The development dimensionrequire c
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2The development dimensionconcrete
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2The development dimensionreforms,
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2The development dimensionThailand:
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2The development dimensionTurkey: I
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2The development dimensionMinistry.
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2The development dimensionvisual ar
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2The development dimension2.4.5 The
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Box 2.7 continuedBrand Jamaica as t
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2The development dimensionpublisher
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Box 2.8 continuedThe Bolshoi: A sub
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2The development dimension2.5.1 Cre
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2The development dimension■solar
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2The development dimensionBox 2.13E
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72 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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3.2 Organization of the creative ec
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3Analysing the creative economythat
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3Analysing the creative economyketi
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3Analysing the creative economydiff
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3Analysing the creative economy3.3.
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3Analysing the creative economychai
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3Analysing the creative economygrou
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6766.966.27878.179.7*3940.041.6*363
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3Analysing the creative economyissu
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3Analysing the creative economybeca
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3Analysing the creative economy■
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4Towards an evidence-based assessme
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4.7 The case for a trade model for
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elated to need and comparable. Seco
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4.8.2 Summary comparison of statist
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Table 4.4 continuedCreative service
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■■The same rationale applies to
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Box 4.1Reality and numbers4Towards
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124 CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT 2010
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5importing countries. It is not yet
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5International trade in creative go
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Chart 5.4a Share of economic groups
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Chart 5.6AlldevelopingeconomiesAsia
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profile their trade performance in
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82.5 per cent in 2002 to 77 per cen
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Trade (GATT) and Article V of the G
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Table 5.12aRankExporterArt crafts:
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socio-economic growth, performing a
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Tajikistan), underscores the promis
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except in South Africa. Recently st
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from $3.5 billion in 2002 to $7 bil
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India remains the world largest fil
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RadioDespite recent changes in life
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first and second, exporting nearly
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The aim of this report is to sensit
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ative content. Issues relating to m
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tions. The rationale for including
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Table 5.28Chart 5.19(in billions of
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Table 5.30 Related goods: Imports,
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The Role of IntellectualProperty an
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CHAPTER6Therole of intellectual pro
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Box 6.1Design as a key ingredient f
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defined in national legislation. Th
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has developed rapidly over the last
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and made commercially available by
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NO DERIVATIVE WORKSAllows others to
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In 2006, WIPO published National St
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Box 6.4Jewellery: A magic marriage
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ing at least until the first sale o
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tial. The right balance should be f
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CHAPTER7Technology,connectivityand
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m-commerce and m-banking. Mobile te
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Figure 7.4Subscribers per 100 inh.4
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Table 7.2DimensionDigital enablersD
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Table 7.4Rank1234567891011121314151
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IPR rights that may be “re-purpos
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producers; in short, the business m
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Box 7.2 continuedFree and open-sour
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patterns developed by ICTs, rich so
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Promoting the CreativeEconomy for D
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CHAPTER8Policystrategies for the cr
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entirely limited to the major urban
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8.3 The policy processThe process o
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8.4.2 Provision of finance andinves
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they operate and to evaluate the sh
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Box 8.2Alternative Currencies in Br
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Box 8.3 continuedThe Egyptian film
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crisis, the active participation to
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tries to the benefits of growth in
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There is significant evidence that
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■■■the desirability of capaci
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CHAPTER9Theinternational dimensiono
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the issues relating to trade in aud
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Development of the European Commiss
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and bound tariff rates have decline
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and continue negotiations on the Ag
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9.3.4 TRIPS AgreementWith respect t
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9.4 UNESCO cultural-diversity persp
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9.5 WIPO Development AgendaAt the W
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Cooperation has continued to work w
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come obstacles faced by poor commun
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9.8 UNEP: Promoting biodiversity be
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CHAPTER10 Lessons learned and polic
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VI. The creative economy cuts acros
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the creative industries in the Unit
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policymakers, researchers and pract
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Another mechanism to promote South-
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10.3.2 Role of creative entrepreneu
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ReferencesBooks and articlesAcheson
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of Definitions of the Cultural and
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ativity for its management”, in C
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Taylor, Calvin (2006). “Beyond Ad
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Department of Communications, Infor
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PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). “G
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______(2004). São Paulo Consensus:
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The 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultu
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Statistical Annex
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Explanatory notes (continued)Art cr
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Page 317 and 318: Country Profile: Argentina (continu
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Page 321 and 322: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 323 and 324: Country Profile: Turkey (continued)
Page 325 and 326: Distribution of developing economie
Page 327 and 328: Distribution of developed economies
Page 329 and 330: Distribution of economies by trade
Page 331 and 332: TABLE1.1IMPORTS (c.i.f., in million
Page 337 and 338: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 339 and 340: TABLE1.2.ADeveloping economiesEaste
Page 341 and 342: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesAsiaE
Page 343 and 344: TABLE1.2.BDeveloping economiesEaste
Page 345 and 346: CREATIVE GOODS: EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Page 347 and 348: EXPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 349 and 350: IMPORTS OF ALL CREATIVE SERVICES (1
Page 351 and 352: EXPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 353 and 354: IMPORTS OF ADVERTISING AND RELATED
Page 355 and 356: EXPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 357 and 358: IMPORTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND RELATE
Page 359 and 360: EXPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 361 and 362: IMPORTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 363: EXPORTS OF PERSONAL, CULTURAL AND R
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Page 369 and 370: IMPORTS OF AUDIOVISUAL AND RELATED
Page 371 and 372: EXPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 373 and 374: IMPORTS OF OTHER PERSONAL, CULTURAL
Page 375 and 376: Statistical Annex Part 2CREATIVE EC
Page 383 and 384: TABLE3.2.ADeveloping economies (2)E
Page 385 and 386: TABLE3.2.BDeveloping economies (2)E
Page 387 and 388: TABLE3.3.AEXPORTS (in millions of $
Page 395 and 396: TABLE3.3.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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TABLE3.4.BIMPORTS (in millions of $
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Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option

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