COMPENDIO_DE_GEOLOGIA_Bolivia

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REVISTA TECNICA DE YPFB VOL. 18 (1-2) JUNIO 2000 Inferior - Arenigiano Medio), cuando se depositaron en altos estructurales de la cuenca trasarco tacsariana las importantes mineralizaciones estratiformes sedex (ulteriormente termometamorfizadas) de Pb-Zn-(Cu-Ag-Ba) de El Aguilar y La Colorada, ligadas a una actividad tectónica y exhalativa sinsedimentaria precoz. En el Ordovícico Medio y Superior, volcanismo e hidrotermalismo singenéticos migraron en forma diacrónica del sur al norte de la cuenca paleozoica de los Andes Orientales (Sureda et al. 1991): testimonios de su paso por el sudoeste de Bolivia son posiblemente las coladas o sills submarinos así como las mineraliza-ciones auríferas estratoligadas (p. ej. las de Urkupiña según Thillier, com. verb., 1993) de origen al parecer arealmente coetáneo que afloran en medio de las series areno-pelíticas ordovícicas de la Cordillera Oriental entre el sector de Tupiza y la faja subandina a la altura del codo de Cochabamba, en especial al sud de Sucre y al oeste de Anzaldo (Sureda et al., op. cit.). Similares manifestaciones volcanosedimentarias vuelven a encontrarse más al norte en las psamopelitas caradocianas del distrito de Yani en el extremo norte de la Cordillera Real. Ahí Tistl (1985) y Schneider (1990) han evidenciado un episodio volcánico traquiandesítico y espilítico contemporáneo de la sedimentación de lutitas negras enriquecidas en pirita aurífera diseminada y portadoras de lentes estratiformes de sulfuros masivos de tipo BPGC (blenda-pirita-galena-calcopirita); algo más arriba en la secuencia ocurren mantos y vetas de cuarzo y sulfuros de hierro auríferos (con escasas calcopirita, blenda y galena), interpretados como productos de la secreción sintectónica posterior de los metales de estas ocurrencias sedex en la aureola termometamórfica externa del granito hercínico (permo-carbonífero según Harris 1988, in Lehmann 1990) de Zongo-Yani. Más al norte todavía, en la parte más distal (geotectónicamente hablando) de la cuenca ordovícica que son los actuales Andes Orientales peruanos, Fornari & Bonnemaison (1984) atribuyen a un hidrotermalismo volcanogénico preorogénico postrimero la deposición en la Cordillera de Carabaya, muy cerca de la frontera boliviana, de los lentes sinsedimentarios de sulfuros masivos auríferos de La Rinconada. Al piso de éstos las lutitas y areniscas encajantes están inyectadas por una red de vetillas cuarzosas que los autores consideran como feeders y vinculan con los "mantos" subconcordantes de cuarzo aurífero comúnmente asociados en el área a los sedimentos paleozoicos, aunque Clark et al. (1990) asignan a esos mantos una edad jurásica a partir de datos radiométricos locales. Durante el Silúrico, en la franja litoral occidental de la cuenca marina eopaleozoica se acumularon los depósitos de hierro oolítico de la denominada "Provincia Ferrífera Sedimentaria Centroandina" (Chomnales 1978), eosilúrica, que se extiende de la región de Tucumán en Argentina a la de Tarija y Sucre en Bolivia (Sureda & Galliski 1989, Bozo & Monaldi 1990). Arenigian), when the important stratiform Pb-Zn-(Cu-Ag-Ba) sedex mineralizations (ultimately thermally metamorphized) of El Aguilar and La Colorada, linked to a tectonic and precocious synsedimentary exhalative activity, were deposited in the Tacsarian back-arc basin’s structural heights. In the Middle and Upper Ordovician, syngenetic volcanism and hydrothermalism migrated diachronically from the south to the north of the Eastern Andes Paleozoic basin (Sureda et al. 1991): evidence of their passage by southwestern Bolivia are probably the flows or submarine sills , as well as the strata-related gold mineralizations (according to Thillier, verbal comm, 1993, those of Urkupiña, for instance), of apparent coetanous areal origin, outcropping amidst the Ordovician sandy-pellitic series of the Eastern Cordillera, between the Tupiza sector and the Sub Andean belt, at the point of the Cochabamba bend, particularly south of Sucre and west of Anzaldo (Sureda et al., op. cit.). Similar volcanosedimentary manifestations are found again further north, at the Caradocian psammopellites of the Yani district, in the Eastern Cordillera’s northern end. There, Tistl (1985) and Schneider (1990) have observed a contemporary trachy-andesitic and spillitic volcanic episode of the sedimentation of black shale enriched in scattered gold pyrite and carrier of stratiform BPGC-type (blende-pyritegalene-calc-pyrite) massive sulphur lenses; a little further above, there are quartz and auriferous iron sulphur mantles and veins (with scarce calc-pyrite, blende, and galene) in the sequence, which are interpreted as products of the later syn-tectonic seccretion of metals from these sedex ocurrences, at the external thermo-metamorphic aureole of the Zongo-Yani hercynic granite (Permian-Carboniferous, according to Harris, 1988, in Lehmann 1990). Still further north, in the most distal part (geotectonically speaking) of the Ordovician basin that the current Peruvian Eastern Andes constitute, Fornari & Bonnemaison (1984) attribute the deposition of synsedimentary lenses of the massive gold sulphurs of La Rinconada in the Carabaya Range, very close to the Bolivian border, to a final pre-orogenic volcanogenic hydrothermalism. In their floor, the embedded shale and sandstones are injected by a small quartz vein network, which the authors consider as feeders, and link to the sub-conforming auriferous quartz “mantles” commonly associated in the area to Paleozoic sediments, although based on the local radiometric data, Clark et al. (1990) assign these mantles a Jurassic age. During the Silurian, the oolitic iron deposits of the so-called “Central Andean Sedimentary Ferriferous Province” (Chomnales 1978), accumulated in the western offshore strip of the Eo- Paleozoic sea basin, Eo-Silurian, which extends from the Tucumán region in Argentina and Sucre in Bolivia (Sureda & Galliski 1989, Bozo & Monaldi 1990). 182
COMPENDIO DE GEOLOGIA DE BOLIVIA Fig. 9.4 Modelo genético de los depósitos vetiformes de Sb-Au asociados a series sedimentarias de los Andes bolivianos (modificado de Lehrberger 1992) / Genetic model for the sediment-associated vein-type Sb-Au deposits of the Bolivian Andes (modified from Lehrberger 1992) 183
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