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COMPENDIO_DE_GEOLOGIA_Bolivia

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<strong>COMPENDIO</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>GEOLOGIA</strong> <strong>DE</strong> BOLIVIA<br />

La historia geológica del Gondwana Occidental, y del sector<br />

boliviano en particular, puede ser dividida en dos grandes<br />

episodios: Pre-Andino y Andino. La separación entre ambos está<br />

dada por la disgregación del Gondwana (ca 200 Ma).<br />

El episodio Pre-Andino comprende como primera etapa a los ciclos<br />

proterozoicos, hasta la etapa de apertura del Oceáno Iapetus y el<br />

cierre de los oceános Adamastor y Mozambique, en el modelo de<br />

Grunow, 1996, y la consiguiente formación de la Triple Fractura<br />

<strong>Bolivia</strong>na que da origen al Rift Contaya-Tacsara a fines del Ciclo<br />

Brasiliano. La segunda etapa pre-andina se inicia en el Tacsariano,<br />

es decir desde la apertura del rift hasta la separación del Gondwana.<br />

El Episodio Andino se inicia hacia los 200 Ma, en el Jurásico<br />

temprano, y se extiende hasta el presente.<br />

The geological history of the Western Gondwana, and particulary<br />

of the <strong>Bolivia</strong>n sector, can be divided into two large episodes: the<br />

Pre-Andean and the Andean. The separation between the two was<br />

determined by the breakup of Gondwana (ca. 200 Ma).<br />

In its first stage, the Pre-Andean episode comprises the Proterozoic<br />

cycles, up to the opening stage of the Iapetus Ocean and the closing<br />

of the Adamastor and Mozambique Oceans, in Grunow’s model,<br />

1996, and the ensuing formation of the <strong>Bolivia</strong>n Triple Fracture,<br />

which originates the Contaya-Tacsara Rift at the end of the<br />

Brazilian Cycle. The second Pre-Andean stage starts during the<br />

Tacsarian; that is, from the rift opening to the separation of the<br />

Gondwana. The Andean Episode starts towards 200 Ma, during<br />

the Lower Jurassic, and extends up to the present.<br />

Fig. 1.2 Cuadro Estratigráfico del Altiplano, Cordillera Oriental y Subandino<br />

Stratigraphic framework of Altiplano, Eastern Cordillera and Subandean<br />

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