Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies workers cannot remove themselves from hazardous workplace situations without jeopardizing continued employment. Conditions for agricultural workers are generally much worse, especially in the sugar industry. On many sugar plantations, cane cutters are paid by the weight of cane cut rather than by hours worked. Many cane cutters earn the equivalent of approximately US$3.70 per day. Many villages in which workers, often Haitians, gather for mutual support have high rates of disease and lack schools, medical facilities, running water, and sewerage systems. Agriculture The backbone of the Dominican economy for centuries, agriculture declined in significance during the 1970s and 1980s, as manufacturing, mining, and tourism began to play more important roles in the country's development. During the 1960s, the agricultural sector employed close to 60 percent of the labor force, contributed 25 percent of GDP, and provided between 80 and 90 percent of exports. By 1988, however, agriculture employed only 35 percent of the labor force, accounted for 15 percent of GDP, and generated approximately 50 percent of all exports. In 1992 the sector's share of exports dropped to 43 percent and employed only 28 percent of the total workforce. By the end of 1995, the agricultural sector's contribution to GDP stood at 12.7 percent, and it employed approximately 12.9 percent of the labor force. The declining importance of sugar, the principal source of economic activity for nearly a century, was even more dramatic. Sugar's share of total exports fell from 63 percent in 1975 to less than 20 percent by the late 1980s. Sugar exports in 1995 were 75 percent lower than in 1981, and the severe drought of 1997 also lowered production. The transformation in agriculture paralleled the country's demographic trends. In 1960, some 70 percent of the country's population was rural; that figure was reduced to 30 percent in the 1990s. Government policies accelerated urbanization through development strategies that favored urban industries over agriculture in terms of access to capital, tariff and tax exemptions, and pricing policies. As a consequence, the production of major food crops either stagnated or declined in per capita terms from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s. However, production of some major export products, coffee and cocoa, grew by some 9 percent in the latter 1990s. 126
Picking cotton Courtesy Inter-American Development Bank
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area handbook series Dominican Repu
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On the cover: Hispaniola (La Isla E
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Acknowledgments The authors wish to
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Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck
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Mass Media 199 Roman Catholic Churc
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Higher Education 354 HEALTH 355 Fer
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HAITI'S EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECUR
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Preface Like its predecessors, thes
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Introduction THE HISTORIES OF THE T
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Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Re
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30,000 Haitians were reportedly dep
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firmed by a sharply divided legisla
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PRD," laying the groundwork for Mej
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— Topography: Mountain ranges div
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since 1948, Dominican Republic peso
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— constitutional reform, Supreme
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^ V 9{prtft Mtantic Ocean Internati
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Table A. (Cont.) Dominican Republic
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Tomb of the three fathers of the Do
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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
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Chapter 2. Dominican Republic: The
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DOMINICAN SOCIETY OF THE late 1990s
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. Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Dominican Republic: The Society and
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, Dominican Republic: The Society a
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— Dominican Republic and Haiti: C
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s Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
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The Torre del Homenaje, Santo Domin
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Topography: Five mountain ranges di
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1990s, Haiti's assembly sector oper
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OPL. In June 1997, Smarth resigned.
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, _ International boundary _ Depart
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Table B. (Continued) Haiti: Chronol
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Figurefrom a painting by Prosper Pi
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IN 1804 HAITI EMERGED FROM thirteen
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Haiti: The Society and Its Environm
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— Haiti: The Society and Its Envi
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A house-raising Courtesy Inter-Amer
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Boats arrivingfor market day in Res
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primarily as an advocacy and policy
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Classroom, University ofHaiti, Facu
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Doctor examining infant, Miragodne
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Figure from a painting by Prosper P
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. . 231,509 Dominican Republic and
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Glossary Caribbean Basin Initiative
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in — Dominican Republic and Haiti
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—, Dominican Republic and Haiti:
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Published Country Studies (Area Han
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