Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies PRESIDENT NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF INVESTIGATIONS SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INTERIOR AND POLICE NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL DIRECTORATE DIRECTOR GENERAL NATIONAL POLICE SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE TEAMS FINANCIAL INVESTIGATIVE UNIT INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND PLANNING SECTION DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL ASSISTANT DIRECTOR GENERAL SPECIAL OPERATIONS SECTION (SECRET SERVICE) ADMINISTRATION AND SUPPORT SECTION PERSONNEL FINANCES COMMUNICATION TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICE OPERATIONS SECTION DEPARTMENTS: ROBBERY INVESTIGATIONS HOMICIDE INVESTIGATIONS PROPERTY CRIMES HIGHWAY PATROL NARCOTICS TERRITORIAL ZONES SECTION NORTHEASTERN ZONE- SAN FRANCISCO DE MACORIS NORTHERN ZONE- SANTIAGO SOUTHERN ZONE- BARAHONA CENTRAL ZONE- SAN CRISTOBAL EASTERN ZONE- SAN PEDRO DE MACORIS PROVINCIAL SECTIONS COMPANIES DETACHMENTS I LOCAL POLICE POSTS Figure 1 0. Dominican Republic: Organization ofInternal Security Agencies, 1999 242
Dominican Republic: National Security detaining suspects for "investigation" or "interrogation." It has been customary for the police to detain both suspects and witnesses in a crime, deciding only after investigation which merit release and which should be held further. Since the new government took office in 1996, an effort has been made to reduce abuses of the forty-eight-hour rule by placing lawyers from the prosecutor's office in police stations. During the closed pretrial investigative phase of the criminal justice process, the state does not provide counsel to indigent prisoners. A small public defender organization was introduced in 1998 to assist indigent defendants in the Santo Domingo area. Other indigent cases are assigned to part-time, private attorneys. The courts rarely appoint defense lawyers in misdemeanor cases. Defendants awarded bail rarely face an actual trial. Those denied bail may serve their entire sentences while awaiting trial. Accordingly, the decision to grant bail often determines whether an accused person will ever serve a prison sentence. The justice system suffers seriously from chronic delays. Many suspects undergo a long period of pretrial detention that sometimes exceeds the maximum possible criminal sentence. In 1998 the proportion of the prison population awaiting trial was more than 75 percent. In the Santo Domingo National District, which accounts for approximately 45 percent of all criminal cases, the average pretrial detention declined from 13.8 months in 1996 to 6.5 months in 1998. However, the rest of the country did not experience corresponding improvement. In addition to the Supreme Court ofJustice, the constitution established three basic types of courts: courts of appeal, courts of first instance, and justice of the peace courts. There are special courts for labor, traffic, administrative, and land matters. Most misdemeanor offenses are tried by the justice of the peace courts, of which there is one in each municipality or township. The courts of first instance have original jurisdiction for criminal felony cases. There are twenty-nine of these, one for each province. Decisions may be, and regularly are, appealed to one of the nation's seven courts of appeal. These courts also have original jurisdiction over cases against judges of courts of first instance, government attorneys, provincial governors, and other specified officials. Military and police courts have jurisdiction over members of the security forces, but a military or police board frequently remands cases involving capital crimes to civil courts. In 1996 243
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area handbook series Dominican Repu
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On the cover: Hispaniola (La Isla E
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Acknowledgments The authors wish to
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Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck
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Mass Media 199 Roman Catholic Churc
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Higher Education 354 HEALTH 355 Fer
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HAITI'S EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECUR
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Preface Like its predecessors, thes
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Introduction THE HISTORIES OF THE T
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Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Re
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30,000 Haitians were reportedly dep
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firmed by a sharply divided legisla
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PRD," laying the groundwork for Mej
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— Topography: Mountain ranges div
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since 1948, Dominican Republic peso
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— constitutional reform, Supreme
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^ V 9{prtft Mtantic Ocean Internati
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Table A. (Cont.) Dominican Republic
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Tomb of the three fathers of the Do
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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
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Chapter 2. Dominican Republic: The
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DOMINICAN SOCIETY OF THE late 1990s
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. Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Dominican Republic: The Society and
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View of theDuarte Highway north of
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, Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Ruralfamily in Hato-Nuevo Magueyal,
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— Dominican Republic: The Society
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Farmer preparingjute he has grown C
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Fishing cooperative, San Pedro de M
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— Dominican Republic: The Society
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Student in a computer class Courtes
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LONG DEPENDENT ON SUGAR, the Domini
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Dominican Republic: The Economy Hai
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Dominican Republic: The Economy The
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— Dominican Republic: The Economy
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Dominican Republic: The Economy The
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Dominican Republic: The Economy edg
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Dominican Republic: The Economy pie
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Dominican Republic: The Economy als
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Picking cotton Courtesy Inter-Ameri
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Dominican Republic: The Economy niz
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ere
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135
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Dominican Republic: The Economy Ine
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Worker in textile mill Courtesy Int
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Dominican Republic: The Economy Nic
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Dominican Republic: The Economy gro
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The Tavera Dam Courtesy Inter-Ameri
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— Dominican Republic: The Economy
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ear
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Unloading lumber, port ofHaina Cour
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ass
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Dominican Republic: The Economy com
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View of the Alcazar de Colon, the h
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— Dominican Republic and Haiti: C
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— —I Dominican Republic and Hai
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. Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
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IN 1804 HAITI EMERGED FROM thirteen
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Haiti: The Society and Its Environm
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— Haiti: The Society and Its Envi
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A house-raising Courtesy Inter-Amer
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Boats arrivingfor market day in Res
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primarily as an advocacy and policy
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Classroom, University ofHaiti, Facu
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Doctor examining infant, Miragodne
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Figure from a painting by Prosper P
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. — Dominican Republic and Haiti:
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Figurefrom a painting by Prosper Pi
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. . 231,509 Dominican Republic and
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in — Dominican Republic and Haiti
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Published Country Studies (Area Han
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trip
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