Toxicology of Industrial Compounds

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116 CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MAN-MADE VITREOUS FIBERS Fibres (Proceedings of a WHO/IARC Conference), Vol. 2, pp. 209–33, Copenhagen: World Health Organization. WHO, 1984, Biological effects of man-made mineral fibers: Proceedings of a WHO/ IARC conference, Vol. 2, Copenhagen: WHO Regional office. WHO, 1985, Reference methods for measuring man-made mineral fibers (MMMF). Prepared by WHO/EURO Technical Committee for evaluating MMMF, Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office. WHO, 1992, Validity of methods for assessment of carcinogenicity of fibres, Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office. WONG, O., FOLIART, D. and TRENT, L.S., 1991, A case-control study of lung cancer in a cohort of workers potentially exposed to slag wool fibres, Brit. J. Indust. Med., 418, 818–24.
8 Pulmonary Toxicity Studies with Man-made Organic Fibres: Preparation and Comparisons of Size-separated Para-aramid with Chrysotile Asbestos Fibres DAVID B.WARHEIT, 1 MARK A.HARTSKY, 1 CHARLES J.BUTTERICK 2 and STEVEN R.FRAME 1 1 DuPont Haskell Laboratory, Newark, DE, 2 Texas Tech Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX Introduction This study was designed to compare the pulmonary toxic effects of inhaled, size-separated preparations of chrysotile asbestos fibres with paraaramid fibrils at similar aerosol fibre concentrations. Chrysotile samples are known to have an abundance of short fibres, with mean lengths generally in the range of 2 µm. This is important to note because one of the critical factors influencing the pathogenesis of fibre-related lung disease is fibre dimension (Davis et al., 1986). As a consequence, attempts were made to selectively enhance the mean lengths of chrysotile asbestos fibres used in this inhalation toxicity study, in order to make reasonable comparisons between the two fibre-types. Methods General experimental design Groups of male Crl: CDBR rats (7–8 weeks old, Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Kingston, New York) were used to assess the pulmonary effects of 2-week inhalation exposures to size-separated preparations of Kevlar ® para-aramid fibrils or chrysotile asbestos fibres. Animals were exposed 6 hr day −1 , 5 days week −1 for 2 weeks. For this study, Kevlar ® was utilized as a representative para-aramid fibril. The two commercial types of para-aramid fibres are Twaron ® , made by Akzo, and Kevlar ® , made by DuPont. Following exposure, the lungs of p-aramid or chrysotile-exposed animals and age-matched sham controls were subsequently evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis at 0 h, 5 days, 1 and 3 months postexposure. The lungs of additional animals were evaluated for biodurability, pulmonary clearance, pulmonary histopathologic lesions and
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Toxicology of Industrial Compounds
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This edition published in the Taylo
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8. Pulmonary Toxicity Studies with
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Preface A large number of chemical
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Contributors May Akrawi Department
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Beverly M.Kulig TNO Toxicology, Dep
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Richard A.Versen Schuller MTC, Heal
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1 Biomonitoring and Absorption of I
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4 BIOMONITORING AND ABSORPTION OF I
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10 BIOMONITORING AND ABSORPTION OF
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2 Toxicokinetics and Biodisposition
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14 TOXICOKINETICS AND BIODISPOSITIO
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3 Metabolic Activation of Industria
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38 METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF INDUSTRI
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4 Sizing up the Problem of Exposure
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46 SIZING UP THE PROBLEM OF EXPOSUR
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5 Metabolism of Reactive Chemicals
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62 METABOLISM OF REACTIVE CHEMICALS
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64 METABOLISM OF REACTIVE CHEMICALS
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Page 104 and 105: PART THREE Pulmonary toxicology of
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Page 152 and 153: 10 Mechanisms of Pulmonary Sensitiz
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Page 172 and 173: 12 Biomarkers and Risk Assessment K
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166 BIOMARKERS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
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168 EXTRAPOLATION OF TOXICITY DATA
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14 Molecular Approaches to Assess C
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182 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO ASSESS
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198 EVALUATION OF TOXICITY TO THE I
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208 USE OF LONG-TERM CULTURES OF HE
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PART FIVE Mechanisms of toxicity of
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224 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION normal
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226 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION demons
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228 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION Specie
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230 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION intend
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232 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION BENTLE
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234 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION KRAUPP
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236 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION POPP,
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18 Neurotoxicity Testing of Industr
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240 NEUROTOXICITY TESTING OF INDUST
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256 ENDOCRINE TOXICOLOGY OF THE THY
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20 Testing and Evaluation for Repro
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282 TESTING AND EVALUATION FOR REPR
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PART SIX Toxicity of selected class
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302 SPECIAL POINTS IN THE TOXICITY
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310 TOXICOLOGY OF TEXTILE CHEMICALS
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318 ANTIOXIDANTS AND LIGHT STABILIS
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340 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS Inter
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342 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS Figur
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344 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS probl
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346 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS nonio
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348 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS and t
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350 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS long-
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352 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS COULS
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354
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25 Low Dose of a Genotoxic Carcinog
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358 CARCINOGENESIS AT LOW DOSE Tabl
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360 CARCINOGENESIS AT LOW DOSE year
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26 Controversial Mechanistic and Re
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364 CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN SAFETY
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374 INDEX 2-bromo-glutathionyl 64 B
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376 INDEX Gas chromatography/mass s
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378 INDEX mRNA analysis 211 Mutagen
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380 INDEX Surfactants 338-55 acute
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