Toxicology of Industrial Compounds

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298 TESTING AND EVALUATION FOR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Figure 20.10 Interpretation/extrapolation of reproductive toxicology. Conclusions In conclusion I should mention that time constraints enforce superficial mention of many important aspects. I would like to emphasise that improved testing and evaluation for toxicity to reproduction can be achieved with methodology that exists within and without regulatory guidelines. This has been illustrated by the special cases presented at this meeting. There is no necessity to be restricted to specific guidelines, there never was. We should make use of any and all test methods available as appropriate for the substance being investigated. Whatever the type of substance, testing involves looking for the same hazards. Having identified a hazard, methods of assessing risk, essentially, are the same (although PBPK models for reproductive toxicity would be more complex than those used for systemic toxicity). The methodology is available, what is required is the willingness and wisdom to use it effectively and efficiently (Palmer, 1993a, b). The goal should be to investigate a specific substance to the extent necessary, no more and no less. For this there needs to be a change in attitude by industry, agencies and academia. Therein is the greatest problem since ‘Change is not made without inconvenience, even from worse to better’ and people are very unwilling to change their prejudices and habits.
References A.K.PALMER 299 PALMER, A.K., 1993a, Identifying environmental factors harmful to reproduction, Environm. Hlth Perspect. Supplements, 101(2), 19–25. PALMER, A.K., 1993b, Introduction to (pre)screening methods, Reproduct. Toxicol., 7, 95–8.
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Toxicology of Industrial Compounds
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This edition published in the Taylo
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8. Pulmonary Toxicity Studies with
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Preface A large number of chemical
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Contributors May Akrawi Department
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Beverly M.Kulig TNO Toxicology, Dep
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Richard A.Versen Schuller MTC, Heal
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1 Biomonitoring and Absorption of I
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4 BIOMONITORING AND ABSORPTION OF I
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10 BIOMONITORING AND ABSORPTION OF
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2 Toxicokinetics and Biodisposition
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14 TOXICOKINETICS AND BIODISPOSITIO
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3 Metabolic Activation of Industria
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38 METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF INDUSTRI
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4 Sizing up the Problem of Exposure
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46 SIZING UP THE PROBLEM OF EXPOSUR
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5 Metabolism of Reactive Chemicals
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62 METABOLISM OF REACTIVE CHEMICALS
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6 Methods for the Determination of
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74 METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
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PART THREE Pulmonary toxicology of
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92 CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MAN-MA
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100 CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MAN-M
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118 PULMONARY TOXICITY STUDIES WITH
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130 PULMONARY HYPERREACTIVITY TO IN
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10 Mechanisms of Pulmonary Sensitiz
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140 MECHANISMS OF PULMONARY SENSITI
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150 OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA INDUCED BY
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12 Biomarkers and Risk Assessment K
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160 BIOMARKERS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
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168 EXTRAPOLATION OF TOXICITY DATA
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14 Molecular Approaches to Assess C
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182 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO ASSESS
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198 EVALUATION OF TOXICITY TO THE I
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208 USE OF LONG-TERM CULTURES OF HE
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PART FIVE Mechanisms of toxicity of
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224 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION normal
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226 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION demons
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228 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION Specie
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230 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION intend
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232 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION BENTLE
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234 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION KRAUPP
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236 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION POPP,
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18 Neurotoxicity Testing of Industr
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240 NEUROTOXICITY TESTING OF INDUST
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Page 262 and 263: 248 NEUROTOXICITY TESTING OF INDUST
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348 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS and t
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350 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS long-
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352 TOXICOLOGY OF SURFACTANTS COULS
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25 Low Dose of a Genotoxic Carcinog
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358 CARCINOGENESIS AT LOW DOSE Tabl
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360 CARCINOGENESIS AT LOW DOSE year
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26 Controversial Mechanistic and Re
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364 CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN SAFETY
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374 INDEX 2-bromo-glutathionyl 64 B
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376 INDEX Gas chromatography/mass s
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378 INDEX mRNA analysis 211 Mutagen
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380 INDEX Surfactants 338-55 acute
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