Toxicology of Industrial Compounds

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378 INDEX mRNA analysis 211 Mutagenic potency 190–6 Mutagenicity, surfactants 349–2 N 7 -deoxyguanosine (N 7 -dG) 186 NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase 15 Naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) 151 β-naphthoflavone 266, 267 2-naphthylamine 40–3, 301 Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) 238 Neurotoxicity, biomarkers of 238–4 Neurotoxicity assessment 285 Neurotoxicity testing 237–56 Neurotypic proteins 238–3 Nitroarenes 74, 77 NK activity 199 NK test 200 NOAEL 168, 174, 367 NOEL 43, 366, 367 Nucleophilic centres 73 Occupational asthma 148–9 chemical agents causing 148–5 incidence 148, 151 initial diagnosis 149 Occupational toxicology, monitoring in 19–1 OECD guidelines 421 282–7 OECD guidelines 422 282–91 OECD single generation study 283 17β-oestradiol 212 Organic solvents absorption of 3–7 biological monitoring of 2–3 dermal uptake of 5–7 pulmonary uptake of 3–5 Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) 238 Organophosphate pesticides 237–2 Parkinson’s disease 241, 245 PBPK/PBTK models 1,3-butadiene 16 2-butoxyethanol 166–4, 172–80 development of 31–3 in risk assessment 170–80 PCA-DNA adducts 187 PCNB 267 Pentafluorophenyl isothiocyanate (PFPITC) 76 Pentafluorophenyl thiohydantoine (PFPTH) 77 Perchlorate-discharge test 260 Peroxisome proliferation 223–40 carcinogenicity 224–30 in rodent liver 223–8 mechanisms of 226–1 risk assessment 229–5 rodent 223–9 species differences in response 227–3 Pesticides 203, 202 human exposure to 208 immunotoxicity of 203 organophosphate 237–2 Pharmaceuticals 202 Phencyclidine 48 Phenobarbital 267, 273 Phenobarbitone 322 Phenolic antioxidants 316–25 blood kinetics 317–1 blood metabolites 317–1 effects on serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormones 318–4 liver enzyme induction 318–2 model compound 317 risk assessment 321–5 Phthalate esters 223, 224 Phthalic anhydride 152 Physiologically-based pharmaco (toxico-) kinetic models. See PBPK/ PBTK models Phytopharmaceuticals 208 Pigments. See Colorants (dyes and pigments) Plaque assay (PFCA) 199, 200 Plasticisers 223, 229–4 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 247– 2, 267 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 74–7, 78, 158, 186 biomonitoring exposure 158–6 Polyisocyanates 151–6 Postlabelling 78–79, 81 Post-natal manifestations 284
Post-radiolabelling technology 184 Prenatal effects 284, 285, 289 Production volume triggers 280, 281 Propylthiouracil (PTU) 260 Protein adducts 73, 74, 79, 81, 184–90 Protein-binding 258 Pulmonary cell proliferation 118, 124–7 Pulmonary hyperreactivity to industrial pollutants 128–9 guinea-pig model 131–6 rat model 134–7 Pulmonary sensitization, mechanisms of 137–51 Pulmonary toxic effects chrysotile asbestos fibres 116–30 para-aramid fibrils 116–30 Pulmonary uptake of organic solvents 3–5 Pyrethroid insecticides 238 Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) 152 Quinone-thioethers 63 Quinones 63–6 Rad-equivalence values 192 Radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) 138 Radioimmunoassays 77 Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) 128, 148, 151, 153 Reactive chemicals, metabolism 60–71 Reactive compounds adduct formation of 74 determination in unknown mixtures 83–6 determination of 71–88 interaction with cellular constituents 71–5 Reactive metabolites 71 Refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs) 91, 99–2 industrial hygiene studies 105 Repeated dose toxicity 281 Reproductive toxicity 279–298 detecting effects on males 293 evaluation for 282 interpretation/extrapolation of 296– 9 INDEX 379 labelling 296–9 manifestations of 291–4 methods for detecting effects on 282 overlap of 281 Respiratory allergic hypersensitivity 137 Restricted test systems 283 Rifampicin 322 Risk assessment 162–9, 166–84 and exposure profiles 362–68 approaches to 167–6 cancer 188–6 guidelines for 361 in vitro approach 207–13 mathematical procedures 369–3 non-threshold effects 368 peroxisome proliferation 229–5 phenolic antioxidants 321–5 physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in. See PBPK/PBTK models textile chemicals 315 threshold effects 366–71 see also Safety assessment RNA probes 211 Rock (stone) wool 91, 102–5 industrial hygiene studies 108 R-phrases 364 Safety assessment 361–74 benzotriazole-based light stabilisers 331–7 see also Risk assessment Salmonella typhimurium 66 SHIELD system 149 Slag wool 91, 102–5 industrial hygiene studies 108 Solid phase assays 77 Sperm analysis 284 Spermatogenesis 284, 286, 288 Structure-activity databases 282 Structure-activity relationships, surfactants 344 Styrene 38–38 Styrene oxide 38–38 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 241 Surface markers 200
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Toxicology of Industrial Compounds
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This edition published in the Taylo
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8. Pulmonary Toxicity Studies with
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Preface A large number of chemical
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Contributors May Akrawi Department
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Beverly M.Kulig TNO Toxicology, Dep
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Richard A.Versen Schuller MTC, Heal
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1 Biomonitoring and Absorption of I
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4 BIOMONITORING AND ABSORPTION OF I
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10 BIOMONITORING AND ABSORPTION OF
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2 Toxicokinetics and Biodisposition
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14 TOXICOKINETICS AND BIODISPOSITIO
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3 Metabolic Activation of Industria
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38 METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF INDUSTRI
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4 Sizing up the Problem of Exposure
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46 SIZING UP THE PROBLEM OF EXPOSUR
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5 Metabolism of Reactive Chemicals
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62 METABOLISM OF REACTIVE CHEMICALS
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6 Methods for the Determination of
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74 METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
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PART THREE Pulmonary toxicology of
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92 CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MAN-MA
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100 CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MAN-M
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118 PULMONARY TOXICITY STUDIES WITH
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130 PULMONARY HYPERREACTIVITY TO IN
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10 Mechanisms of Pulmonary Sensitiz
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140 MECHANISMS OF PULMONARY SENSITI
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150 OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA INDUCED BY
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12 Biomarkers and Risk Assessment K
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160 BIOMARKERS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
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168 EXTRAPOLATION OF TOXICITY DATA
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14 Molecular Approaches to Assess C
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182 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO ASSESS
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198 EVALUATION OF TOXICITY TO THE I
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208 USE OF LONG-TERM CULTURES OF HE
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PART FIVE Mechanisms of toxicity of
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224 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION normal
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226 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION demons
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228 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION Specie
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230 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION intend
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232 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION BENTLE
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234 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION KRAUPP
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236 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION POPP,
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18 Neurotoxicity Testing of Industr
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240 NEUROTOXICITY TESTING OF INDUST
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256 ENDOCRINE TOXICOLOGY OF THE THY
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20 Testing and Evaluation for Repro
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282 TESTING AND EVALUATION FOR REPR
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PART SIX Toxicity of selected class
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302 SPECIAL POINTS IN THE TOXICITY
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310 TOXICOLOGY OF TEXTILE CHEMICALS
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318 ANTIOXIDANTS AND LIGHT STABILIS
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Page 376 and 377: 26 Controversial Mechanistic and Re
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Page 388 and 389: 374 INDEX 2-bromo-glutathionyl 64 B
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Toxicology of Industrial Compounds

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