Biofuels in Perspective

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Editors List of Contributors Wim Soetaert Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Erick J. Vandamme Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Contributors Matthew T. Carr Policy Director, Industrial and Environmental Section, Biotechnology Industry Organization, Washington, USA. Pieternel A.M. Claassen Agrotechnology and Food Sciences group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Brent Erickson Executive Vice President, Industrial & Environmental Section, Biotechnology Industry Organization, Washington, USA. Hideki Fukuda Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan. Paul Gallagher Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Iowa, USA. Heleen P. Goorissen Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Adrianus Van Haandel, Federal University of Paraíba, Department of Civil Engineering, Campina Grande, Brazil. James R. Hettenhaus President and CEO, Chief Executive Assistance, Inc. Charlotte. NC, USA. Barnim Jeschke Co-founder and former Non-Executive Director, ELSBETT Technologies GmbH, Munich, Germany.
xiv List of Contributors Servé W.M. Kengen Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Martin Mittelbach Department of Renewable Resources, Institute of Chemistry, Karl- Franzens-University, Graz, Austria. Ed W.J. van Niel Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden. René vanRee Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Hosein Shapouri USDA, OCE, OE, Washington, DC, USA. Alfons J.M. Stams Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Christian V. Stevens Faculty of Bioscience-engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Marcel Verhaart Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Roland Verhé Faculty of Bioscience-engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Willy Verstraete Faculty of Bioscience-engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Arnaldo Walter Department of Energy and NIPE, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil. Peter Weiland Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Institut für Technologie und Biosystemtechnik, Braunschweig, Germany. Robin Zwart Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands Biomass, Coal and Environmental Research Petten, The Netherlands.
Page 2 and 3: Biofuels Biofuels. Edited by Wim So
Page 4 and 5: Biofuels Edited by WIM SOETAERT Ghe
Page 6 and 7: Contents Series Preface ix Preface
Page 8 and 9: Contents vii 6.3 Biomass Gasificati
Page 10 and 11: Series Preface Renewable resources,
Page 12 and 13: Preface This volume on Biofuels fit
Page 16 and 17: 1 Biofuels in Perspective W. Soetae
Page 18 and 19: Table 1.1 Approximate average world
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.3 Energy yields of bio-ener
Page 22 and 23: Biofuels in Perspective 7 is burnt
Page 24 and 25: 2 Sustainable Production of Cellulo
Page 26 and 27: Sustainable Production of Cellulosi
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2.9 2004 US adoption rates o
Page 54 and 55: 3 Bio-Ethanol Development in the US
Page 56 and 57: Bio-Ethanol Development in the USA
Page 58 and 59: Biorefineries in Production (115) B
Page 64 and 65:
Bio-Ethanol Development in the USA
Page 66 and 67:
Cost of Cellulosic Ethanol, $ per g
Page 68 and 69:
Bio-Ethanol Development in the USA
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4 Bio-Ethanol Development(s) in Bra
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Bio-Ethanol Development(s) in Brazi
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Share of energy consumption 100% 90
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Table 4.2 Main technological improv
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4.7.4 Use of Fertilizers and Pestic
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78 Biofuels Table 5.1 Biodiesel pro
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80 Biofuels CH 2 O CH O COR R1 + 3
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82 Biofuels short reaction times. 9
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84 Biofuels Table 5.4 Overview on h
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86 Biofuels Table 5.5 Critical cond
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88 Biofuels methoxide as catalyst u
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90 Biofuels KOH Methano Oil/Fat Aci
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92 Biofuels 16. J. Graille, P. Loza
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6 Bio-based Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
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6.2.1.2 Catalysts Bio-based Fischer
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Bio-based Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Pr
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7 Plant Oil Biofuel: Rationale, Pro
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Table 7.1 Market milestones for pla
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Water CO 2 Figure 7.1 Closed CO 2 l
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Plant Oil Biofuel: Rationale, Produ
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130 Biofuels Among the attractive f
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132 Biofuels Table 8.1 Enzymatic tr
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134 Biofuels conversion was maintai
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136 Biofuels (diglycerides) decreas
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138 Biofuels ME content (wt.%) Reac
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140 Biofuels Ratio of initial react
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142 Biofuels (a) 34 kDa 31 kDa 34 k
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144 Biofuels preparation of whole-c
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ability to reduce flocculation (% o
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148 Biofuels 5. R. C. Strayer, J. A
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150 Biofuels 46. H. Fukuda, Immobil
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9 Production of Biodiesel from Wast
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Production of Biodiesel from Waste
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9.3.2 Processing of Crude and Waste
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Heavy layer from alkaline neutralis
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CPO I 1 1 Heating 60°C Reaction st
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References Production of Biodiesel
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10 Biomass Digestion to Methane in
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Cow manure Pig manure Yard manure B
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Number of plants 3000 2500 2000 150
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Biomass Digestion to Methane in Agr
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Table 10.4 Alternative forms of ene
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Wet fermentation 3 - 10% TS applica
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Rel. Frequency [%] 35 30 25 20 15 1
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Steam 2 1 Energy crops (& manure) D
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198 Biofuels 11.1 Introduction Hydr
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200 Biofuels lactate 6 glucose 1 GA
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Table 11.2 Continued Organism Domai
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204 Biofuels NADH is that the react
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206 Biofuels Clostridium thermocell
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208 Biofuels in particular in Cl. p
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210 Biofuels ferredoxin-dependent m
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212 Biofuels Concentration (mM) 45
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214 Biofuels genes of the glycolysi
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216 Biofuels 11. S. Tanisho and Y.
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218 Biofuels 49. M. J. Axley, D. A.
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220 Biofuels 83. P. J. Silva, E. C.
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12 Improving Sustainability of the
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Table 12.1 Corn ethanol dry mill: e
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Table 12.2 Atmospheric CO2 (equival
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Table 12.3 Incremental CO2 equivale
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Improving Sustainability of the Cor
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Improving Sustainability of the Cor
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Index italic entries indicate refer
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iorefineries 3, 10, 11, 41 and corn
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policy (official) 59-61 production
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NADH 200-6, 207, 210 natural gas 1
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Biofuels in Perspective

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