Biofuels in Perspective

Index
italic entries indicate references to a figure, bold entries indicate references to a table
agricultural raw materials 2, 9
conversion technology 3
costs 3, 3
agrochemicals 69
alcohol see ethanol
alcohols 86, 86, 86, 131–3, 132
alcoholysis see esterification/transesterification
algae 79–80
Amazon forest 71
anaerobic digestion 178, 181
advantages 172, 198
biogas production configurations 183–91
future developments 193
nutrient recovery 180, 180
anaerobic microorganisms see microorganisms
Argentina 79
bagasse 15, 51, 64–5, 177–8, 182
energy efficiency 178, 180
storage 180
biodiesel 7
advantages 130, 147
composition 154
limitations 154
biodiesel production 77–91
acceptance 77
chemistry 80–1
enzymatic 85–6, 129–47
Europe 77–8, 78
feedstocks 79–80
Biofuels. Edited by Wim Soetaert, Erick J. Vandamme.
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-02674-8
Fischer—Tropsch process 95–113
resources
costs 154
natural oils 154
waste cooking oils 154, 155
technologies 87–91
classification 88
membrane separation 91
multi feedstock 88, 89–90, 90
single feedstock 88–9, 89
unit size 88, 90
transesterification 80–7, 80, 86, 87
from waste lipids 153–68
worldwide 78–9
biodiversity 66, 68, 71
bio-ethanol see ethanol
biofuels
compared with fossil fuels 1–2, 6–7
energy balance 224–6, 225
economic impact 2–4, 3
energy for production 6–7
measurement ratings 6–7
transport costs 6–7
energy yields 5
incentives for use 33–4
issues summarized 66
limitations 154
need for production 5–7
from plant oils 117–27
policy recommendations 34–5