Biofuels in Perspective

Contents vii
6.3 Biomass Gasification-Based FT-Diesel Production Concepts 100
6.4 Economics of Biomass-Based FT-Diesel Production Concepts 110
6.5 Conclusions 113
References 114
7 Plant Oil Biofuel: Rationale, Production and Application 117
Barnim Jeschke
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Plant Oil Biofuels: the Underlying Idea 118
7.3 Perspectives of the Plant Oil Fuel Market 119
7.4 System Requirements 122
7.5 Plant Oil Conversion Technology 124
7.6 The User Perspective 125
References 127
8 Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel 129
Hideki Fukuda
8.1 Introduction 129
8.2 Enzymatic Transesterification by Lipase 130
8.3 Use of Extracellular Lipases 131
8.4 Use of Intracellular Lipase as Whole-Cell Biocatalyst 136
8.5 Use of Cell-Surface Displaying Cells as Whole-Cell Biocatalyst 143
8.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 147
References 147
9 Production of Biodiesel from Waste Lipids 153
Roland Verhé and Christian V. Stevens
9.1 Introduction 153
9.2 Alternative Resources for Biodiesel Production 155
9.3 Conversion of Waste Frying and Cooking Oils into Biodiesel 155
9.4 Conclusion 168
References 169
10 Biomass Digestion to Methane in Agriculture: A Successful Pathway
for the Energy Production and Waste Treatment Worldwide 171
Peter Weiland, Willy Verstraete and Adrianus Van Haandel
10.1 Overview 171
10.2 Introduction 172
10.3 Biogas Production Potential 174
10.4 Biogas Production Configurations 183
10.5 Outlook 191
10.6 Conclusions 193
References 194