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15 See also Puig (1952, 17-19).
16 See Souza Sá Vianna (1912, 13, 65-77); Galindo Alarcón (1968, Introducción,
32-35, 42, 47); Podestá Costa (1947, 20-21); Ulloa y Sotomayor (1957, 1:37-38);
Henríquez (1948, 18); Velasco-Ibarra (1943, 186); and Saavedra Lamas (1931,
660-661).
17 See also Álvarez (1943,176-179) and Henríquez (1948, 13-18).
18 For more information about this debate, including Sá Vianna’s, Alvarez’s, Charles
G. Fenwick’s and Canadian Justice John E. Reed’s interpretations of the ruling of
the International Court of Justice on the Haya de la Torre asylum case between
Colombia and Peru and its impact on the theory of American International Law,
see Souza Sá Vianna (1912, 8-9); Fenwick (1963, 162); and Green (1951,
229-239).
19 See Álvarez (1962a, 62, 70-71) and Álvarez (1941, 21). See also García Mérou
(1904, 8).
20 See Whitaker (1969). See also Yepes (1930, 235).
21 It is important to note that some authors also include the Monroe Doctrine, in its
original conception as a prohibition against European intervention in the Western
Hemisphere, as an example of American International Law. See Álvarez (1962a,
71). See also Álvarez (1924).
22 See Drago (1903, 1-5). See also Ronning (1970, 142-149).
23 See Álvarez (1962a, 77) and Sánchez i Sánchez (1943,12).
24 According to Ecuadorian jurist and political leader José María Velasco Ibarra,
language, and customs have also supported the development of this
psychological bond of regional solidarity in the Western Hemisphere. See
Velasco Ibarra (1943, 77-78).
25 The UN is neither a fully democratic nor an effective worldwide law-making body.
The resolutions of the General Assembly are only recommendatory. The resolutions
of the Security Council, while mandatory, are approved or vetoed only by a
privileged minority of states.
26 The actual text of Hugo Gortious' famous remark is "Saepe in una parte orbis
terrarum est ius gentium quod alibi non est" (“It is international law in a part of the
world that which in another is not”). See Gómez Robledo (1960, 18).
27 For Álvarez and his allies, whenever there is a conflict between regional norms
and global international law, the region proposing reforms has the right to
pursue their implementation through negotiations with the rest of the world. See
Álvarez (1917, 200) and Fenwick (1963, 169-170).
28 See Álvarez (1962a, 78) and Puig (1952, 17).
29 See Fenwick (1949) and (1963).
30 See also Álvarez (1962b, 53-54).
31 See Fenwick (1963, 158) and Fenwick (1949, 75).
32 See Ronning (1970); Liszt (1916); Holtzendorff (1889); Fauchille (1921); Strupp
(1927); and Scelle (1948).
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