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15 See also Puig (1952, 17-19). 16 See Souza Sá Vianna (1912, 13, 65-77); Galindo Alarcón (1968, Introducción, 32-35, 42, 47); Podestá Costa (1947, 20-21); Ulloa y Sotomayor (1957, 1:37-38); Henríquez (1948, 18); Velasco-Ibarra (1943, 186); and Saavedra Lamas (1931, 660-661). 17 See also Álvarez (1943,176-179) and Henríquez (1948, 13-18). 18 For more information about this debate, including Sá Vianna’s, Alvarez’s, Charles G. Fenwick’s and Canadian Justice John E. Reed’s interpretations of the ruling of the International Court of Justice on the Haya de la Torre asylum case between Colombia and Peru and its impact on the theory of American International Law, see Souza Sá Vianna (1912, 8-9); Fenwick (1963, 162); and Green (1951, 229-239). 19 See Álvarez (1962a, 62, 70-71) and Álvarez (1941, 21). See also García Mérou (1904, 8). 20 See Whitaker (1969). See also Yepes (1930, 235). 21 It is important to note that some authors also include the Monroe Doctrine, in its original conception as a prohibition against European intervention in the Western Hemisphere, as an example of American International Law. See Álvarez (1962a, 71). See also Álvarez (1924). 22 See Drago (1903, 1-5). See also Ronning (1970, 142-149). 23 See Álvarez (1962a, 77) and Sánchez i Sánchez (1943,12). 24 According to Ecuadorian jurist and political leader José María Velasco Ibarra, language, and customs have also supported the development of this psychological bond of regional solidarity in the Western Hemisphere. See Velasco Ibarra (1943, 77-78). 25 The UN is neither a fully democratic nor an effective worldwide law-making body. The resolutions of the General Assembly are only recommendatory. The resolutions of the Security Council, while mandatory, are approved or vetoed only by a privileged minority of states. 26 The actual text of Hugo Gortious' famous remark is "Saepe in una parte orbis terrarum est ius gentium quod alibi non est" (“It is international law in a part of the world that which in another is not”). See Gómez Robledo (1960, 18). 27 For Álvarez and his allies, whenever there is a conflict between regional norms and global international law, the region proposing reforms has the right to pursue their implementation through negotiations with the rest of the world. See Álvarez (1917, 200) and Fenwick (1963, 169-170). 28 See Álvarez (1962a, 78) and Puig (1952, 17). 29 See Fenwick (1949) and (1963). 30 See also Álvarez (1962b, 53-54). 31 See Fenwick (1963, 158) and Fenwick (1949, 75). 32 See Ronning (1970); Liszt (1916); Holtzendorff (1889); Fauchille (1921); Strupp (1927); and Scelle (1948). 46
33 See Gómez Robledo (1960, 21-22); Fenwick (1949, 66-75); and Bishop (1971, 1078-1079). 34 Please note that some authors maintain that the American Republics developed Inter-American Law partly as a strategic substitute for power to protect their independence. See Pittman (1976). References Alcorta y Palacio, Amancio. 1883. La ciencia del derecho internacional. Nueva revista de Buenos Aires. Álvarez, Alejandro.1909. American international law. Proceedings of the American Society of International Law. 3 rd annual meeting. -----.1910. Le droit international américain son fondament--sa nature. Paris: A. Pédone, Editeur. -----.1917. Derecho internacional del porvenir. Madrid: Editorial América. -----.1924. The Monroe Doctrine---Its importance in the international life of the states of the new world. New York: Oxford University Press. -----.1941. El continente americano y el nuevo orden social e internacional. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. January 9. (Relatorio preliminar presentado al consejo directivo del instituto americano de derecho internacional.) -----.1943. Después de la guerra. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de la Universidad. -----.1962a. El nuevo derecho internacional en sus relaciones con la vida de los pueblos. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria. -----.1962b. International law and related subjects from the point of view of the American continent. Washington, D.C.: Gibson Bros Inc, Printers. Antokoletz, Daniel. 1944. Tratado de derecho internacional público. Buenos Aires: Bernabé y Cía. Bautista Alberdi, Juan. 1920a. Memoria sobre la conveniencia y objeto de un congreso general americano [1844]. Obras selectas, ed. Joaquín V. González. Buenos Aires: Librería La Facultad. -----.1920b. Notas para el juicio crítico del derecho internacional teórico-práctico de Europa y América. Obras selectas, ed. Joaquín V. González. Buenos Aires: Librería La Facultad. Bishop, Jr., William W. 1971. International law: Cases and materials. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. Bustamante y Sirvén, Antonio Sánchez de. 1927. La Comisión de Jurisconsultos de Río de Janeiro y el derecho internacional. La Habana: Talleres Gráficos "Cultural" S.A. Calvo, Carlos. 1868a. El derecho internacional teórico y práctico. Buenos Aires. 47
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Page 5 and 6: TEXTILE TRADITION AND NATIONAL IDEN
Page 7 and 8: ullfights to Easter services. Accor
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References Cited Álvarez Borland,
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Como consecuencia, tienen una alime
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producción bien por deudas contra
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Galeana, Tlapa de Comonfort y Telol
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con bas
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River Plate: Nostalgia for Eden”
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