#1(36)'13
#1(36)'13
#1(36)'13
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marTlmsajuleba<br />
N1<br />
da<br />
kanoni<br />
dros garkveul sirTuleebs wavawydebodiT). uZravi qonebis aseTive amomwurav CamonaTvals<br />
iZleva ruseTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 130-e muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, uZrav nivTebs (uZrav qonebas)<br />
miekuTvneba miwis nakveTi, wiaRi, gamoyofili wylis obieqtebi da yvelaferi, rac myarad ukavSirdeba<br />
miwas _ is obieqtebi, romelTa gadatana dazianebisa da daniSnulebis dakargvis gareSe<br />
SeuZlebelia, maT Soris, tye, mravalwliani nargavebi, Senobebi, mowyobilobebi. uZrav nivTebs<br />
miekuTvneba, agreTve, saxelmwifo registracias daqvemdebarebuli sazRvao da Sida curvis<br />
xomaldebi, kosmosuri obieqtebi.~ 12<br />
Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi, uZrav qonebad ganixileba is, rac uZravia Tavisi bunebiT (immovable by<br />
nature), msgavsad germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsisa. kerZod, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 149-<br />
e muxlis Tanaxmad, uZrav nivTebs miekuTvneba miwis nakveTi masSi arsebuli wiaRiseuliT, miwaze<br />
aRmocenebuli mcenareebi, aseve, Senoba-nagebobani, romlebic myarad dgas miwaze. uZravi nivTis<br />
aRniSnul ganmartebasTan dakavSirebiT, aRsaniSnavia wiaRiseulis sakiTxi. `wiaRis Sesaxeb~<br />
saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis Tanaxmad: `saqarTvelos wiaRi saxelmwifo<br />
sakuTrebaa. akrZalulia yovelgvari qmedeba, romelic pirdapir Tu farulad xelyofs wiaRze<br />
saxelmwifo sakuTrebis uflebas, aseTi garigeba ki, baTilia. miwaze sakuTrebis ufleba ar<br />
niSnavs da ar iZleva wiaRze sakuTrebis uflebas.~ erTaderTi ufleba, rac miwis mesakuTres<br />
rCeba mis nakveTze wiaRiseulis aRmoCenisas aris is, rom mas aqvs wiaRiT sargeblobis licenziis<br />
miRebis upiratesi ufleba licenziis gacemisas pretendentebs Soris Tanabari pirobebis arsebobisas<br />
(kanonis me-8 muxlis me-3 punqti). cxadia, mesakuTres ezRudeba sakuTrebis ufleba amgvar<br />
miwis nakveTze, Tumca, es SemTxveva ar scdeba Cveni konstituciis 21-e muxls, romlis meore<br />
nawiliT, aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis dasaSvebia SeizRudos sakuTrebis ufleba<br />
kanonis safuZvelze, Tu ar irRveva sakuTrebis uflebis arsi. aq yuradReba misaqcevia sxva<br />
sakiTxi. kerZod, wiaRiseuli warmoadgens sajaro nivTs, xolo sajaro nivTs, rogorc nivTis<br />
erT-erT saxeobas, Cveni kanonmdebloba ar icnobs. sajaro nivTebis cneba ar aris samoqalaqo<br />
samarTalSi arsebuli nivTebis cnebis identuri. 13 Tu samoqalaqo samarTlis mixedviT, nivTi<br />
mxolod sxeulebrivi sagania, sajaro nivTi SeiZleba arasxeulebrivi saganic iyos, magaliTad,<br />
sahaero sivrce an eleqtrodeni. Tu samoqalaqo samarTalSi nivTi aris erTeuli sagani, sajaro<br />
nivTi SeiZleba iyos am saganTa erToblioba. magaliTad, sajaro nivTia biblioTeka, maSin rodesac<br />
sanivTo samarTalSi nivTad iTvleba ara mTlianad biblioTeka, aramed TiToeuli wigni. 14 erTerTi<br />
cnobili Teoriis Tanaxmad, sajaro nivTebi saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli sajaro uflebis<br />
obieqtebia. r. ieringis azriT, adamianebze nivTebis damorCilebis ori forma arsebobs: kerZo<br />
sakuTreba da sajaro sargebloba. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, gvaqvs individualuri ufleba, meoreSi<br />
ki _ saerTo. sajaro nivTebis SemTxvevaSi swored, rom saerTo sargebloba gvaqvs saxeze. sxva<br />
poziciis Tanaxmad, sajaro nivTebis mesakuTre saxelmwifoa. 15 anu sajaro nivTi ar SeiZleba<br />
iyos kerZo sakuTreba. amitom, mizanSewonili iqneba, Tu Cvens samoqalaqo kodeqsSi nivTebis<br />
klasifikacia moxdeba, ara mxolod misi bunebrivi Tvisebebis mixedviT (moZravi, uZravi), aramed<br />
imis mixedviTac, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos misi mesakuTre. aRniSnulis mixedviT, nivTi SeiZleba iyos<br />
kerZo da sajaro. magaliTad, luizianas samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT, nivTebi iyofa, erTi mxriv,<br />
saerTo, sajaro da kerZo nivTebad, meore mxriv, sxeulebriv da usxeulo nivTebad da mesame mxriv,<br />
moZrav da uZrav nivTebad. aseve, avstriis zogadi samoqalaqo kodeqsi icnobs nivTebis Semdeg<br />
klasifikacias: a) mesakuTris pirovnebis mixedviT; b) Tavad nivTebis Tvisebebis mixedviT. mesakuTris<br />
pirovnebis mixedviT kodeqsi ganasxvavebs kerZo, saTemo da saxelmwifo qonebas. 16 amdenad,<br />
zogierTi qveynis kanonmdebloba icnobs nivTebis dayofas kerZo da sajaro nivTebad.<br />
TavisTavad is faqti, rom nivTi SeiZleba daiyos kerZo da sajaro nivTad, aranair gavlenas<br />
ar axdens, arc sakuTrebis cnebaze da arc mis Sinaarsze da Sesabamisad, ar iwvevs maTSi cvlile-<br />
108
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