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FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF SOME NORMS IN THE EVENT OF ARMED CONFLICT: “MILITARY NECESSITY” – EXISTING APPROACHES AND REALITY MAMUKA SHENGELIA Full Professor at Akaki Tsereteli State University, Law Department The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict is a document that is drafted under the aegis of the United Nations, the first international law act of UNESCO and universal international agreement which has gathered incorporated norms regarding protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflicts. According to views and opinions shared in international legal field, one of the problematic issues of the 1954 Convention is a special condition establishing general criteria – “military necessity”. The Second Protocol to the Convention (1999) specifies the criteria of restricted use of “military necessity” during attack against cultural property. In spite of this, some norms of the Protocol are not clear regarding this concept. “Military necessity” is not in conformity with the norms of the Convention, its general goals and objectives. At the same time, “military necessity” can be applied only in case it is not prohibited by international humanitarian law. The essence of “military necessity” is that in case the attacking force finds itself countering the unavoidable threat and it is possible to overcome it through a legal way, it has the right to apply all other measures to avoid the threat, which means that a possible way of escaping from extraordinary situation – “military necessity” – is legalization of gross violation of international law norms by them, which totally lacks legal reasoning. It is a pity that the Convention and the Second Additional Protocol do not contain interpretation of the term “military necessity”. We meet the terms “immediate necessity”, “extreme necessity”, “absolute necessity” in international legal documents without any interpretation. Contracting states of the 1954 Hague Convention should elaborate unified assessment criteria in the event of armed conflicts for the indicated terms and to strengthen them further in the international humanitarian law norms. We hope that the above-mentioned formulation will become the topic of discussions among international law scholars and professionals many times in the future. Hopefully, as a result of observations on the same data, opposing parties shall not make contradictory conclusions. 41
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