#1(36)'13
#1(36)'13
#1(36)'13
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marTlmsajuleba<br />
N1<br />
da<br />
kanoni<br />
investiciebis waxalisebisa da dacvis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba (iwdS)<br />
kapitaldabandebebis transsasazRvro gadaadgilebebis dargSi saxelmwifoTaSorisi interesebis<br />
regulirebis mTavari samarTlebrivi saSualeba XX saukunis Sua xanebSi xdeba investiciebis<br />
waxalisebisa da dacvis Sesaxeb ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi, ZiriTadad, mrewvelobiT ganviTarebuli<br />
qveynebisa ganviTarebad qveynebTan. ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris msgavsi SeTanxmebebis<br />
dadebis praqtikam ganviTareba ver hpova, vinaidan erT-erTi da Zalze msxvili kapitaldabandebebis<br />
sakmaod xelsayreli pirobebis uzrunvelyofa am qveynebSi saerTo stabiluri da sando<br />
politikuri, samarTlebrivi da ekonomikuri struqturuli situaciiT xdeba. aseve, sagulisxmoa,<br />
rom ganviTarebadi qveynebidan yvelaze ufro mowinaveebi, msxvili laTinoamerikuli qveynebis<br />
(argentina, brazilia) CaTvliT, romlebic moizidaven ucxouri pirdapiri kapitaldabandebebis<br />
yvelaze did nawils, rogorc wesi, mrewvelobiT ganviTarebul qveynebTan aseTi SeTanxmebebis<br />
dadebisadmi interess ar iCenen. investiciebis waxalisebisa da dacvis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis ZiriTadi<br />
ideologia, saxeldobr yovelgvari nacionalizaciisa da eqspropriaciis SemTxvevebSi, ucxouri<br />
sakuTrebis dacvis tradiciuli principebis SenarCunebaa `swrafi, efeqturi da adekvaturi~<br />
kompensaciis valdebulebiT. ganviTarebadi qveynebis mxridan, ucxouri kapitalis nakadis waxalisebis<br />
pirobebi ganicdis kritikas, rogorc maTi erovnuli interesebis sawinaaRmdego SeTanxmeba.<br />
investori imave samarTlebriv reJimSi unda moeqces, rogorc kapitaldabandebis mimRebi qveynis<br />
erovnuli subieqtebi, investorisaTvis ar unda moqmedebdes iseTi preferenciuli formebi, romlebic<br />
daazaralebdnen erovnul sawarmoebs, sadac isini deben investiciebs.<br />
ganviTarebadi qveynebis daaxloebiT, naxevari Tavs ikavebs investiciebis waxalisebisa da<br />
dacvis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis dadebaze, rac safuZvelia varaudis, rom es SeTanxmebebi ar SeiZleba<br />
ganxilul iqnas rogorc saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi regulirebis idealurad umwikvlo forma.<br />
magaliTad, statistikuri analizi ar aCvenebs investiciebis waxalisebisa da dacvis Sesaxeb Se-<br />
Tanxmebasa da ucxouri kapitalis mozRvavebas Soris pirdapir kavSirs. metic, laTinur amerikaSi,<br />
romelzec modis ufro meti ucxouri kapitali, vidre nebismier sxva regionze, mxolod<br />
calkeuli qveynebi deben aseT SeTanxmebas. afrikam ki, romelzec yvela aseTi dadebuli SeTanxmebebis<br />
TiTqmis naxevari modis, ucxouri kapitalis mxolod umniSvnelo nawili miizida.<br />
ucxouri kapitalis mozidvisas, erT-erT umniSvnelovanes prioritetul faqtorad migvaCnia<br />
erovnuli interesebis dacva (umTavresad komerciuli riskebisagan).<br />
`unda SevniSnoT, rom samamulo warmoebis ganviTarebisaTvis tarifis gamoyenebis stimulirebisaTvis<br />
tarifis gamoyenebis efeqtianobis analizi gvexmareba, rom SevafasoT proteqcionizmis<br />
damcavi yvelaze gavrcelebuli mosazrebebi. amerikeli mecnieris, ekonomistis h. lindertis<br />
mosazrebebis mixedviT, sabaJo-satarifo politikasTan dakavSirebiT metad sainteresoa, ganvsazRvroT<br />
argumentebi axalgazrda dargebis ganviTarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. argumentebis<br />
Sinaarsi Semdegia: naklebad ganviTarebul qveynebSi tarifis droebiTi SemoReba gamarTlebulia,<br />
ramdenadac igi akavebs Tanamedrove samrewvelo produqciis imports, vidre axladaRmocenebuli<br />
sakuTari industria gamocdilebas daagrovebs da warmoebis xarjebi im donemde Semcirdeba,<br />
rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes winaaRmdegobis gaweva importuli produqciis konkurenciisaTvis. axalgazrda<br />
dargebis dacvis aucileblobis problema yovelTvis wamoiWreba da aqtualuri iqneba,<br />
radgan aseTi axali dargebi yovelTvis warmoiSoba da bunebrivia, rom misi dacvis aucileblobac<br />
yovelTvis idgeba qveynebis ekonomikuri saqmianobis dRis wesrigSi, xolo rodesac erovnuli<br />
ekonomika moSlilia, tarifebis SemoReba ufro xelsayreli SeiZleba iyos~. 6<br />
`sainvesticio saqmianobis efeqtianad gamoyenebis mizniT, saxelmwifo kanoniT dadgenili<br />
SesaZleblobebis farglebSi ereva da warmarTavs am process. aq mxedvelobaSi ar aris saxelmwifo<br />
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