Ricardo Nicasso Benito A Reduç˜ao de Liapunov-Schmidt ... - Unesp
Ricardo Nicasso Benito A Reduç˜ao de Liapunov-Schmidt ... - Unesp
Ricardo Nicasso Benito A Reduç˜ao de Liapunov-Schmidt ... - Unesp
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A BIFURCAÇÃO DE HOPF 58<br />
(v) 2cos 2 x = 1 + cos(2x).<br />
Além disso, vamos tomar c = c1 + ic2, lembrando que c1 e c2 são vetores<br />
em C n . Desse modo, usando (4.27) segue que<br />
<br />
c t 1c1 + c t 2c2 = 2<br />
c t 1c2 − c t 2c1 = 0<br />
Para o item (a) temos:<br />
〈v ∗ 1, v ∗ 1〉 = 1<br />
2π<br />
= 1<br />
2π<br />
2π<br />
0<br />
2π<br />
0<br />
(d t 1cos(s) − d t 2sen(s))(d1cos(s) − d2sen(s))ds<br />
[d t 1d1cos 2 (s) − d t 1d2cos(s)sen(s)<br />
− d t 2d1cos(s)sen(s) + d t 2d2sen 2 (s)]ds<br />
= 1<br />
2π <br />
1 + cos(2s)<br />
d<br />
2π 0 2<br />
t 1d1 − (d t 1d2 + d t 2d1)cos(s)sen(s)<br />
+d t <br />
1 − cos(2s)<br />
2d2<br />
ds<br />
2<br />
= 1<br />
2π t d1d1 2π 0<br />
+ dt 2d2<br />
2 + dt 1d1<br />
2 − dt cos(2s)<br />
2d2<br />
2<br />
= 1<br />
t 2π<br />
d1d1 2π 2<br />
2π<br />
0<br />
sen(2s)<br />
2<br />
cos(2s)<br />
2<br />
<br />
ds<br />
ds + d t 1d1<br />
2π<br />
+ d t 2d1)<br />
ds +<br />
0<br />
dt2d2 2<br />
− d t 2π <br />
cos(2s)<br />
2d2<br />
ds<br />
0 2<br />
= 1<br />
t d1d1 2π 2 s|2π 0 + dt2d2 2 s|2π<br />
<br />
+ (d t 1d2 + d t 2d1) cos(2s)<br />
|<br />
4<br />
2π<br />
0<br />
= 1<br />
2 [dt 1d1 + d t 2d2] = dt d<br />
2 .<br />
0<br />
− (d t 1d2 + d t 2d1) sen(2s)<br />
2<br />
cos(2s)<br />
2<br />
2π<br />
0<br />
0 + d t 1d1<br />
ds<br />
ds − (d t 1d2<br />
sen(2s)<br />
|<br />
4<br />
2π<br />
0 − d t sen(2s)<br />
2d2 |<br />
4<br />
2π<br />
0