28.08.2013 Views

35754-Revista FCDEF - Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do ...

35754-Revista FCDEF - Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do ...

35754-Revista FCDEF - Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Uma outra observação <strong>de</strong> interesse é o facto <strong>de</strong> se ter verifica<strong>do</strong><br />

que as alterações se observaram <strong>de</strong> forma idêntica quan<strong>do</strong><br />

separa<strong>do</strong>s os grupos sócio-económicos. Assim, a diminuição<br />

<strong>do</strong>s níveis <strong>de</strong> AF observa<strong>da</strong> na população em geral, mantém-se<br />

quan<strong>do</strong> os grupos socio-económicos são analisa<strong>do</strong>s em separa<strong>do</strong>.<br />

Do mesmo mo<strong>do</strong>, a distância entre esses grupos mantevese<br />

idêntica <strong>de</strong> 92 a 99.<br />

Duma forma abrevia<strong>da</strong>, procurou-se apresentar o esta<strong>do</strong> e a<br />

contribuição <strong>do</strong>s estu<strong>do</strong>s moçambicanos para a investigação <strong>da</strong><br />

AF. A sua continui<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> está agora perspectiva<strong>da</strong> num plano <strong>de</strong><br />

um estu<strong>do</strong> em famílias nucleares <strong>de</strong> zonas rurais, na tentativa<br />

<strong>de</strong> respon<strong>de</strong>r a inquietações relativas à responsabili<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong><br />

ambiental e genética na variabili<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> biológica <strong>do</strong> ser humano,<br />

numa aproximação bio-cultural <strong>do</strong> problema.<br />

Referências<br />

BÉNÉFICE E (1993). Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness,<br />

motor performance and growth of Senegaleses pré-a<strong>do</strong>lescents.<br />

American Journal of Human Biology 5 653-667.<br />

BÉNÉFICE E (1998). Physical fitness and body composition in<br />

relation to physical activity in prepubescent Senegalese children.<br />

American Journal of Human Biology 10, 385-396.<br />

BÉNÉFICE E, CAMES C (1999). Physical activity patterns of<br />

rural Senegalese a<strong>do</strong>lescent girls during the try and rainy seasons<br />

measured by movement registration and direct observation<br />

methods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 636-<br />

643.<br />

BHARGAVA A (1997). Nutritional status and the allocation of<br />

time in Rwan<strong>de</strong>se households. Journal of Econometrics 77, 277-<br />

295.<br />

BLEIBERG F, BRUN T, GOIHMAN S, LIPPMAN D (1981).<br />

Food intake and energy expenditure of males and female farmers<br />

from Upper-Volta. British Journal of Nutrition 45, 505-<br />

515.<br />

BRUN T, BLEIBERG F, GOIHMAN S (1981). Energy expenditure<br />

of male farmers in dry and rainy seasons in Upper-Volta.<br />

British Journal of Nutrition 45, 67-75.<br />

DAMASCENO A, PRISTA A (2002). Prevalência <strong>de</strong> factores <strong>de</strong><br />

risco cardiovascular nas crianças <strong>da</strong> ci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Maputo In<br />

Prista A, Maia J, Saranga S, Marques AT (Eds). Saú<strong>de</strong>, crescimento<br />

e <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento: um estu<strong>do</strong> epi<strong>de</strong>miológico em crianças e<br />

jovens <strong>de</strong> Moçambique. Porto: <strong>FCDEF</strong>-Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> Porto,<br />

FCEFD-Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> Pe<strong>da</strong>gógica, 89-96.<br />

GORAN M, NAGY T, GOWER B, MAZARIEGOS M, SOLO-<br />

MONS N, HOOD V, JOHNSON R (1998). Influence of sex,<br />

seasonality, ethnicity, and geographic location for energy<br />

requirements. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 675-<br />

682.<br />

HEINI A, MINGHELLI G, DIAZ E, PRENTICE A, SHUTZ Y<br />

(1996). Free-living energy expenditure assessed by two different<br />

methods in rural Gambian men. European Journal of<br />

Clinical Nutrition 50, 284-289.<br />

JAMES WPT (1995). A public health approach to the problem<br />

of obesity. International Journal of Obesity 19:S37-S45.<br />

MURAYAMA N, OHTSUKA R (1999). Seasonal fluctuation in<br />

energy balance among farmers in Northeast Thailand: the<br />

lack of response of energy intake to the change of energy<br />

expenditure. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 39-49.<br />

PRISTA A, MAIA AJR, MARQUES AT (2000). An empirical<br />

vali<strong>da</strong>tion of an instrument to measure habitual physical activity<br />

in stu<strong>de</strong>nts from Maputo, Mozambique. American Journal<br />

of Human Biology 12(4):437-446.<br />

PRISTA A, MAIA AJR (2001). Changes in physical activity patterns<br />

as a function of urban change and socio-cultural <strong>de</strong>terminants.<br />

A study of children and youth in Maputo<br />

(Mozambique). Program and abstracts of the Cooper Institute<br />

Conference Series, “New approaches to un<strong>de</strong>rstanding and influencing<br />

physical activity”. Dallas, Texas, 44-45.<br />

PRISTA A, MAIA J, MURIA A., MARQUES A, SÍLVIO S.,<br />

DAMASCENO A, BEUNEN G. (2002). Saú<strong>de</strong>, crescimento e<br />

<strong>de</strong>senvolvimento motor <strong>da</strong>s crianças e jovens <strong>de</strong><br />

Moçambique: motivações e meto<strong>do</strong>logia. In Prista A, Maia J,<br />

Saranga S, Marques AT (Eds). Saú<strong>de</strong>, crescimento e <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento:<br />

um estu<strong>do</strong> epi<strong>de</strong>miológico em crianças e jovens <strong>de</strong><br />

Moçambique. Porto: <strong>FCDEF</strong>-Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> Porto, FCEFD-<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> Pe<strong>da</strong>gógica.<br />

SARANGA S, MAIAPRISTA A, MAIA J (2002). Mu<strong>da</strong>nça nos<br />

níveis <strong>de</strong> aptidão física em função <strong>de</strong> alterações políticas e<br />

sócio-económicas <strong>de</strong> 1992-1999. In Prista A, Maia J, Saranga<br />

S, Marques AT (Eds) Saú<strong>de</strong>, crescimento e <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento: um<br />

estu<strong>do</strong> epi<strong>de</strong>miológico em crianças e jovens <strong>de</strong> Moçambique. Porto:<br />

<strong>FCDEF</strong>-Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> Porto, FCEFD-Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong><br />

Pe<strong>da</strong>gógica, 71-87.<br />

SPURR G, REINA J (1990). Daily pattern of %VO2max and<br />

heart rate in normal and un<strong>de</strong>rnourished school children.<br />

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 22, 643-652.<br />

SCHOELLER DA, SHAYK, KISHNER RF (1997). How much<br />

physical activity is nee<strong>de</strong>d to minimize weight gain in previously<br />

obese women? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66:<br />

551-556<br />

TORUN B, DAVIES P, LIVINGSTONE M, PAOLISSO M, SAC-<br />

KETT R, SPURR G (1996). Energy requirements and dietary<br />

energy recommen<strong>da</strong>tions for children and a<strong>do</strong>lescents 1 to 18<br />

years old. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50 (Suppl 1),<br />

S37-S80.<br />

aprista@virconn.net<br />

A ACTIVIDADE FÍSICA E O SISTEMA MUSCULAR<br />

ESQUELÉTICO NO IDOSO.<br />

Carvalho, Maria Joana<br />

<strong>Facul<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> Ciências <strong>de</strong> <strong>Desporto</strong> e <strong>de</strong> Educação Física,<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> Porto, Portugal.<br />

GRUPOS DE INTERESSE<br />

O fenómeno <strong>do</strong> envelhecimento tem vin<strong>do</strong> a assumir uma<br />

importância crescente face aos diferentes indica<strong>do</strong>res <strong>de</strong>mográficos<br />

que acentuam o envelhecimento <strong>da</strong> população mundial,<br />

particularmente na Europa e nos países industrializa<strong>do</strong>s. Em<br />

Portugal esta tendência <strong>de</strong>mográfica acompanha naturalmente<br />

os indica<strong>do</strong>res internacionais. Portugal está ca<strong>da</strong> vez mais velho<br />

e vai continuar a envelhecer.<br />

Para manter a quali<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> vi<strong>da</strong> e li<strong>da</strong>r com as activi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s quotidianas,<br />

é importante para o i<strong>do</strong>so permanecer com a melhor<br />

aptidão física possível. A capaci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> realizar diferentes activi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s<br />

diárias, activi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s laborais ou recreacionais é <strong>de</strong>termina<strong>da</strong>,<br />

em gran<strong>de</strong> parte, pela capaci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>senvolver força<br />

muscular (Brill et al., 2000). Diferentes autores têm referi<strong>do</strong><br />

que a atrofia e fraqueza musculares associa<strong>da</strong>s ao envelhecimento<br />

são aspectos <strong>de</strong>terminantes na morbili<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> e mortali<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>stes escalões etários mais velhos (Brill et al., 2000; Carter<br />

et al., 2001). Estas fraqueza e atrofia musculares, particular-<br />

<strong>Revista</strong> Portuguesa <strong>de</strong> Ciências <strong>do</strong> <strong>Desporto</strong>, 2004, vol. 4, nº 2 (suplemento) [15–102] 27

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!